Abstract
Cucurbit crops are economically important worldwide. One of the most serious threats to cucurbit production is Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV). Several resistant accessions were identified in Cucurbita moschata and their resistance was introgressed into Cucurbita pepo. However, the mode of inheritance of ZYMV resistance in C. pepo presents a great challenge to attempts at introgressing resistance into elite germplasm. The main goal of this work was to analyze the inheritance of ZYMV resistance and to identify markers associated with genes conferring resistance. An Illumina GoldenGate assay allowed us to assess polymorphism among nine squash genotypes and to discover six polymorphic single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) between two near-isogenic lines, “True French” (susceptible to ZYMV) and Accession 381e (resistant to ZYMV). Two F2 and three BC1 populations obtained from crossing the ZYMV-resistant Accession 381e with two susceptible ones, the zucchini True French and the cocozelle “San Pasquale,” were assayed for ZYMV resistance. Molecular analysis revealed an approximately 90% association between SNP1 and resistance, which was confirmed using High Resolution Melt (HRM) and a CAPS marker. Co-segregation up to 72% in populations segregating for resistance was observed for two other SNP markers that could be potentially linked to genes involved in resistance expression. A functional prediction of proteins involved in the resistance response was performed on genome scaffolds containing the three SNPs of interest. Indeed, 16 full-length pathogen recognition genes (PRGs) were identified around the three SNP markers. In particular, we discovered that two nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) protein-encoding genes were located near the SNP1 marker. The investigation of ZYMV resistance in squash populations and the genomic analysis performed in this work could be useful for better directing the introgression of disease resistance into elite C. pepo germplasm.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Ministry of University and Research (GenHORT project).
We thank La Semiorto Sementi S.r.l. for plant material.
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Supplementary figure 1
High Resolution Melting Real-Time PCR (HRM) profiles. The profiles of the melting curves of amplicons containing SNP1 (panel A) of the resistant parent (Accession 381e), homozygous A/A, (green curves), the susceptible parent (‘True French’), homozygous G/G (red curves) and derived hybrid, heterozygous A/G (blue curves). A and G represent the alternative nucleotide of the identified SNP1. In panels B and C, the melting curves of amplicons containing SNP2 and SNP3 are shown, respectively. The green curves show the homozygous individuals (C/C and T/T, in B and C, respectively), such as the resistant parent (Accession 381e), meanwhile the red curves those (A/A and C/C, in B and C, respectively) such as the susceptible parent (‘True French’). The derived F1s, heterozygous A/C for SNP2 and C/T for SNP3, are depicted as blue curves. (GIF 126 kb)
Supplementary figure 2
A Cleaved Amplified Polymorphism Sequence (CAPS) marker. The polymorphism of the marker SNP1 is shown in the segregating F2 population generated by crossing Accession 381e (resistant to ZYMV, R) and ‘True French’ (susceptible to ZYMV, r). In lane 5: resistant homozygous genotypes (R/R - 400 bp); in lanes 1, 3, 9, 10, 11 and 12: susceptible homozygous genotype (r/r – 200 bp); in lanes 2, 4, 6, 7 and 8: resistant heterozygous genotypes (R/r - 400 bp and 200 bp), M: ladder (1Kb+, Life technologies Invitrogen). (GIF 32 kb)
Supplementary figure 3
A linkage analysis among markers was performed. SNP2 and SNP3 are on a single linkage group, at genetic distance 39.1 cM, for the ‘True French’ × Accession 381e F2 population (panel A) whilst are at a distance of 18.7 cM for the BC1 from Plant 28 of the F2 of ‘San Pasquale’ × Accession 381e (panel B). (GIF 45 kb)
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Capuozzo, C., Formisano, G., Iovieno, P. et al. Inheritance analysis and identification of SNP markers associated with ZYMV resistance in Cucurbita pepo . Mol Breeding 37, 99 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-017-0698-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-017-0698-5