Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Eighty-year review of the evolution of landscape ecology: from a spatial planning perspective

  • Review Article
  • Published:
Landscape Ecology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Context

Sustainable spatial development requires the establishment of a balance between rational land use and the protection of nature, ecosystems and biodiversity on various spatial levels and temporal horizons. The integration of landscape ecology and spatial development planning can help overcome the complex problems of managing landscapes and natural resources and increase the chances of reaching sustainable spatial development.

Objectives

The main goal of this research is to provide insight into the development of landscape ecology from the spatial planning perspective.

Methods

A chronological systematization and categorization were made of relevant papers, authors and events that are important for an understanding of the discipline’s development. An analysis of their content and interrelationships in the integral chronological overview enabled the identification of landscape ecology’s developmental periods.

Results

Research resulted in the elaboration of an integral chronological overview of the scholarly and professional communities’ key activities and achievements, making it possible to monitor the development of theory, key developmental concepts and their corresponding methodological procedures, methods and techniques. The overview enabled the identification of (a) types of “arenas” for professional dialogue, (b) key authors and works, (c) relationships among components within the same, but also between different, categories of components of the chronological overview, and on the basis of all this (d) the establishment of developmental periods. Five developmental periods of the discipline have been established: (1) Landscape Ecology Foundation Period 1939–1979, (2) Landscape Ecology Establishment Period 1980–1987, (3) Landscape Ecology Solidification Period 1988–1991, (4) Period of Retrospection and New Articulation 1992–2005, and (5) Period of Stable Development 2006- present.

Conclusions

Research indicated continued development of the theoretical–methodological framework of landscape ecology and its links with spatial planning through the constant reexamination of existing perspectives and the establishment of new ones. The numerous conceptual frameworks selected in the paper unequivocally illustrate a strong conditionality between landscape ecology and spatial planning. However, the systematization of written sources revealed that few papers present a review or perspectives with regard to the link with spatial planning, which is why this research has become an important basis for future research in a form of a curriculum for initial research on the relationship between landscape ecology and spatial planning.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ahern J (1999) Spatial concepts, planning strategies, and future scenarios: a framework method for integrating landscape ecology and landscape planning. In: Klopatek JM, Gardner RH (eds) Landscape ecological analysis: issues and applications. Springer, New York, pp 175–201

    Google Scholar 

  • Ahern J (2005a) Theories, methods and strategies for sustainable landscape planning. In: Tress B, Tress G, Fry G, Opdam P (eds) From landscape research to landscape planning: aspects of integration, education and application. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp 119–132

    Google Scholar 

  • Ahern J (2005b) Integration of landscape ecology and landscape architecture: an evolutionary and reciprocal process. In: Wiens JA, Moss MR (eds) Issues and perspectives in landscape ecology, studies in landscape ecology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 307–315

    Google Scholar 

  • Ahern J (2010) Planning and design for sustainable and resilient cities: theories, strategies, and best practices for green infrastructure. In: Novotny V, Ahern J, Brown P (eds) Water-centric sustainable communities. Wiley, Hoboken, pp 135–176

    Google Scholar 

  • Ahern J (2013) Urban landscape sustainability and resilience: the promise and challenges of integrating landscape ecology with urban planning and design. Landsc Ecol 28:1203–1212

    Google Scholar 

  • Albert C, Aronson J, Furst C, Opdam P (2014) Integrating ecosystem services in landscape planning: requirements, approaches, and impacts. Landsc Ecol 29:1277–1285

    Google Scholar 

  • Antrop M (2001) The language of landscape ecologists and planners: a comparative content analysis of concepts used in landscape ecology. Landsc Urban Plan 55:163–173

    Google Scholar 

  • Antrop M (2006) Sustainable landscapes: contradiction, fiction or utopia? Landsc Urban Plan 75:187–197

    Google Scholar 

  • Antrop M (2007) Reflecting upon 25 years of landscape ecology. Landsc Ecol 22:1441–1443

    Google Scholar 

  • Antrop M, Brandt J, Loupa-Ramos I, Padoa-Schioppa E, Poter J, Van Eetvelde V (2013) How landscape ecology can promote the development of sustainable landscapes in Europe: the role of the European Association for Landscape Ecology (IALE-Europe) in the twenty-first century. Landsc Ecol 28:1641–1647

    Google Scholar 

  • Barrett GW, Barrett TL, Wu J (eds) (2015) History of landscape ecology in the United States. Springer, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Bastian O (2000) Landscape classification in Saxony (Germany)—a tool for holistic regional planning. Landsc Urban Plan 50:145–155

    Google Scholar 

  • Botequilha Leitão A, Ahern J (2002) Applying landscape ecological concepts and metrics in sustainable landscape planning. Landsc Urban Plan 59:65–93

    Google Scholar 

  • Brandt J, Agger PW (eds) (1984) Proceedings of first international seminar on methodology in landscape ecology research and planning, vol I. Roskilde Universitessforlag GeoRue, Roskilde, Denmark

  • Breuste J, Niemelä J, Snep RPH (2008) Applying landscape ecological principles in urban environments. Landsc Ecol 23:1139–1142

    Google Scholar 

  • Burel F, Baudry J (eds) (1999) Ecologie du paysage: concepts, methodes, et applications. Editions TEC et DOC, Paris

    Google Scholar 

  • Burel F, Baudry J (eds) (2003) Landscape ecology: concepts, methods and applications. Science Publishers, Inc. Enfield, NH, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Council of Europe (2000) European landscape convention. European Treaty Series 176.

  • Delcourt HR, Delcourt PA (1988) Quaternary landscape ecology: relevant scales in space and time. Landsc Ecol 2:23–44

    Google Scholar 

  • Dramstad WE, Olson JD, Forman RTT (1996) Landscape ecology principles in landscape architecture and land-use planning. Island Press, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • European Union (1985) Directive on environmental impact assessments. 85/337/EEC

  • European Union (2001) SEA Directive. 2001/42/EC

  • European Union (2013) Guidelines on Climate Change and Natura 2000. ENV B.3./SER/2010/0015r

  • Fabos JG (1985) Land-use planning. From global to local challenge. A Dowden and Culver Book. Environmental resource management series. Chapman & Hall, New York

  • Farina A (1998) Principles and methods in landscape ecology. Chapman & Hall, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Farina A (2000) Landscape ecology in action. Springer Science+Bussines Media, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

    Google Scholar 

  • Felson AJ, Pickett STA (2005) Designed experiments: new approaches to studying urban ecosystems. Front Ecol Environ 3:549–556

    Google Scholar 

  • Forman RTT, Godron M (1981) Patches and structural components for a landscape ecology. Bioscience 31:733–740

    Google Scholar 

  • Forman RTT (1983a) An ecology of the landscape. Bioscience 33:535–535

    Google Scholar 

  • Forman RTT (1983b) Corridors in a landscape: their ecological structure and function. Ekologia (Czechoslovakia) 2:375–387

    Google Scholar 

  • Forman RTT, Godron M (1986) Landscape ecology. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Forman RTT (1990) Ecologically sustainable landscapes: the role of spatial configuration. In: Zonneveld IS, Forman RTT (eds) Changing landscapes: an ecological perspective. Springer, New York, pp 261–278

    Google Scholar 

  • Forman RTT (1995a) Some general principles of landscape and regional ecology. Landsc Ecol 10:133–142

    Google Scholar 

  • Forman RTT (1995b) Land mosaics: the ecology of landscapes and regions. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom

    Google Scholar 

  • Forman RTT (2008) Urban regions: ecology and planning beyond the city. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom

    Google Scholar 

  • Forman RTT (2015) Launching landscape ecology in America and learning from Europe. In: Barrett GW, Barrett TL, Wu J (eds) History of landscape ecology in the United States. Springer, New York, pp 13–30

    Google Scholar 

  • Fu B, Jones BK (2013) Landscape ecology for sustainable environment and culture. Springer Science+Bussines Media, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gergel SE, Turner MG (eds) (2002) Learning landscape ecology. A practical guide to concepts and techniques. Springer, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Gergel SE, Turner MG (eds) (2017) Learning landscape ecology. A practical guide to concepts and techniques, 2nd edn. Springer, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Golley FB (1987) Introducing landscape ecology. Landsc Ecol 1:1–3

    Google Scholar 

  • Golley FB, Bellot J (1991) Interactions of landscape ecology, planning and design. Landsc Urban Plan 21:3–11

    Google Scholar 

  • Golley FB, Bellot J (eds) (1999) Rural planning from an environmental systems perspective. Springer series on environmental managment. Springer, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Gustafson EJ (2011) Publishing landscape ecology research in the 21st century. Landsc Ecol 26:1351–1354

    Google Scholar 

  • Haber W (1990) Using landscape ecology in planning and management. In: Zonneveld IS, Forman RTT (eds) Changing landscapes: an ecological perspective. Springer, New York, pp 217–232

    Google Scholar 

  • Haines-Young R (2000) Sustainable development and sustainable landscapes: defining a new paradigm for landscape ecology. Fennia Int J Geogr 178:7–14

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall DL (1991) Landscape planning: functionalism as a motivating concept from landscape ecology and human ecology. Landsc Urban Plan 21:13–19

    Google Scholar 

  • Healey P (1998) Building institutional capacity through collaborative approaches to urban planning. Environ Plan A 30:1531–1546

    Google Scholar 

  • Hersperger AM (1994) Landscape ecology and its potential application to planning. J Plan Lit 9:14–29

    Google Scholar 

  • Ingegnoli V (2002) Landscape ecology: a widening foundation. Springer, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Jongman RHG (1983) Landscape ecology in the Netherlands: the W.L.O. Iale Bull 1:5–7

    Google Scholar 

  • Jongman RHB (2005) Landscape ecology in land use planning. In: Wiens J, Moss M (eds) Issues and perspectives in landscape ecology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 316–329

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones BK, Zurlini G, Kienast F, Petrosillo I, Edwards T, Wade T, Bai-lain Li, Zaccarelli N (2013) Informing landscape planning and design for sustaining ecosystem services from existing spatial patterns and knowledge. Landsc Ecol 28:1175–1192

    Google Scholar 

  • Klopatek JM, Gardner RH (eds) (1999) Landscape ecological analysis: issues and applications. Springer, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Leser H, Rodd H (1991) Landscape ecology fundamentals, aims and perspectives. In: Esser G, Overdieck D (eds) Modern ecology: basic and applied aspects. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 831–844

    Google Scholar 

  • Li BL (2000) Why is the holistic approach becoming so important in landscape ecology? Landsc Urban Plan 50:27–41

    Google Scholar 

  • Makhzoumi JM (2000) Landscape ecology as a foundation for landscape architecture: application in Malta. Landsc Urban Plan 50:167–177

    Google Scholar 

  • Margules C (2005) Conservation planning at the landscape scale. In: Wiens J, Moss M (eds) Issues and perspectives in landscape ecology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 230–238

    Google Scholar 

  • McHarg IL (1969) Design with nature. Natural History Press/Doubleday, Garden City

    Google Scholar 

  • McIntyre NE, Iverson LR, Turner MG (2013) A 27-year perspective on landscape ecology from the US-IALE annual meeting. Landsc Ecol 28:1845–1848

    Google Scholar 

  • Merriam G (1984) Connectivity: a fundamental ecological characteristic of landscape pattern. In: Brandt J, Agger P (eds) Proceedings of first international seminar on methodology in landscape ecology research and planning, vol I. Roskilde Universitessforlag GeoRue, Roskilde, Denmark, pp 5–15

  • Moulaert F, Martinelli F, González S, Swyngedouw E (2007) Introduction: Social innovation and governance in European cities: urban development between path dependency and radical innovation. Eur Urban Reg Stud 14:195–209

    Google Scholar 

  • Musacchio LR (ed) (2009a) Special issue: The ecology and culture of landscape sustainability. Landsc Ecol 24: 989–992

  • Musacchio LR (2009b) The scientific basis for the design of landscape sustainability: a conceptual framework for translational landscape research and practice of designed landscapes and the six Es of landscape sustainability. Landsc Ecol 24:993–1013

    Google Scholar 

  • Musacchio LR (2009c) The ecology and culture of landscape sustainability: emerging knowledge and innovation in landscape research and practice. Landsc Ecol 24:989–992

    Google Scholar 

  • Musacchio LR (2013) Key concepts and research priorities for landscape sustainability. Landsc Ecol 28:995–998

    Google Scholar 

  • Nassauer JI (ed) (1997) Placing nature: culture and landscape ecology. Island Press, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Nassauer JI, Opdam P (2008) Design in science: extending the landscape ecology paradigm. Landsc Ecol 23:633–644

    Google Scholar 

  • Nassauer JI (2012) Landscape as medium and method for synthesis in urban ecological design. Landsc Urban Plan 106:221–229

    Google Scholar 

  • Naveh Z, Lieberman AS (1984) Landscape ecology: theory and application, 1st edn. Springer Science + Business Media, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Naveh Z, Lieberman AS (1994) Landscape ecology: theory and application, 2nd edn. Springer, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Naveh Z (2000) What is holistic landscape ecology? A conceptual introduction. Landsc Urban Plan 50:7–26

    Google Scholar 

  • Naveh Z (2007a) Landscape ecology and sustainability. Landsc Ecol 22:1437–1440

    Google Scholar 

  • Naveh Z (2007b) Transdisciplinary challenges in landscape ecology and restoration ecology—an anthology. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neef E (1967) Die theoretischen Grundlagen der Landschaftslehre. VEB Hermann Haack, Gotha, Leipzig

    Google Scholar 

  • Neef E (1982) Stages in the development of landscape ecology. In: Tjallingii SP, de Veer AA (eds) Perspectives in landscape ecology: contributions to research, planning and management of our environment: proceedings of the international congress organized by the Netherlands Society for landscape Ecology, Veldhoven, the Netherlands, April 6–11, 1981. Wageningen, Pudoc., pp 19–29

  • Niemelä J, Breuste JH, Elmqvist T, Guntenspergen G, James P, McIntyre NE (2011) Urban ecology: patterns, processes, and applications. Oxford University Press Inc., New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Opdam P, Foppen R, Vos C (2002) Bridging the gap between ecology and spatial planning in landscape ecology. Landsc Ecol 16:767–779

    Google Scholar 

  • Opdam P, Luque S, Nassauer J, Verburg PH, Wu J (2018) How can landscape ecology contribute to sustainability science? Landsc Ecol 33:1–7

    Google Scholar 

  • Palang H, Mander U, Naveh Z (2000a) Holistic landscape ecology in action. Landsc Urban Plan 50:1–6

    Google Scholar 

  • Palang H, Alumae H, Mander U (2000b) Holistic aspects in landscape development: a scenario approach. Landsc Urban Plan 50:85–94

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearson DM, McAlpine CA (2010) Landscape ecology: an integrated science for sustainability in a changing world. Landsc Ecol 25:1151–1154

    Google Scholar 

  • Pickett STA, Cadenasso ML (2008) Urban principles for ecological landscape design and management: scientific fundamentals. Cities Environ 1:2–16

    Google Scholar 

  • Potschin M, Haines-Young R (2006) “Rio+10”, sustainability science and landscape ecology. Landsc Urban Plan 75:162–174

    Google Scholar 

  • Quinby PA (1988) The contribution of ecological science to the development of landscape ecology: a brief history. Landsc Res 13:9–11

    Google Scholar 

  • Risser PG, Karr JR, Forman RTT (1984) Landscape ecology: directions and approaches. Illinois Natural History Survey Special Publ. 2, University of Illinois, Urbana

  • Risser P, Iverson L (2013) 30 years later—landscape ecology: directions and approaches. Landsc Ecol 28:367–369

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruzicka M, Miklos L (1979) Theoretical and metodical foundation of biological planning of landscape (In Slovak). Report IEBE SAS, Bratisalava

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruzicka M, Miklos L (1982a) Methodology of ecological landscape evaluation for optimal development of territory. In: Tjallingii SP, de Veer AA (eds) Perspectives in landscape ecology: contributions to research, planning and management of our environment: proceedings of the international congress organized by the Netherlands Society for landscape Ecology, Veldhoven, the Netherlands, April 6–11, 1981. Wageningen, Pudoc., pp 99–109

  • Ruzicka M, Miklos L (1982b) Landscape-ecological Planning (LANDEP) in the process of terriotorial planning. Ekologia (ČSSR) 1:297–312

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruzicka M, Miklos L (1990) Basic premises and methods in landscape ecological planning and optimization. In: Zonneveld IS, Forman RTT (eds) Changing landscapes: an ecological perspective. Springer, New York, pp 233–260

    Google Scholar 

  • Saunders DA, Arnold GW, Burbidge AA, Hopkins AJM (eds) (1987) Nature conservation: the role of remnants of native vegetation. Surrey Beatty, Chipping Norton

    Google Scholar 

  • Saunders DA, Hobbs RJ (eds) (1991) Nature conservation 2: the role of corridors. Surrey Beatty, Chipping Norton

    Google Scholar 

  • Schreiber KF (1977) Landscape planning and protection of the environment. The contribution of landscape ecology. Appl Sci Dev 8:128–139

    Google Scholar 

  • Schreiber KF (1990) The history of landscape ecology in Europe. In: Zonneveld IS, Forman RTT (eds) Changing landscapes: an ecological perspective. Springer, New York, pp 21–33

    Google Scholar 

  • Špinerová A, Miklós L (2019) Landscape-ecological planning LANDEP. Springer Nature Switzerland, Cham, Switzerland

    Google Scholar 

  • Standish R, Hobbs R, Miller J (2013) Improving city life: options for ecological restoration in urban landscapes and how these might influence interactions between people and nature. Landsc Ecol 28:1213–1221

    Google Scholar 

  • Steiner F (2011) Landscape ecological urbanism: origins and trajectories. Landsc Urban Plan 100:333–337

    Google Scholar 

  • Steinitz C (1990) A framework for theory applicable to the education of landscape architects (and other environmental design professionals). Landsc J 9:136–143

    Google Scholar 

  • Swaffield S (2013) Empowering landscape ecology-connecting science to governance through design values. Landsc Ecol 28:1193–1201

    Google Scholar 

  • Takeuchi K, Lee DK (1989) A framework for environmental management planning—a landscape-ecological approach. Landsc Ecol 3:53–63

    Google Scholar 

  • Termorshuizen JW, Opdam P (2009) Landscape services as a bridge between landscape ecology and sustainable development. Landsc Ecol 24:1037–1052

    Google Scholar 

  • Thorne JF, Huang CS (1991) Toward a landscape ecological aesthetic: methodologies for designers and planners. Landsc Urban Plan 21:61–79

    Google Scholar 

  • Tjallingii SP, de Veer AA (eds) (1982) Perspectives in landscape ecology: contributions to research, planning and management of our environment: proceedings of the international congress organized by the Netherlands Society for landscape Ecology, Veldhoven, the Netherlands, April 6–11, 1981. Wageningen, Pudoc

  • Toth RE (1988) Theory and language in landscape analysis, planning, and evaluation. Landsc Ecol 1:193–201

    Google Scholar 

  • Tress B, Tres G, Fry G, Opdam P (eds) (2006) From landscape research to landscape planning: aspects of integration, education and application. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

    Google Scholar 

  • Troll C (1939) Luftbildforschung und Landeskundige Forschung: Erdkundliches Wissen. Wiesbaden: F. Steiner Verlag, Schriftenreihe für Forschung und Praxis, Heft 12

  • Troll C (1950) Die geographische Landschaft und ihre Erforschung. Studium Generale 3:163–181

    Google Scholar 

  • Troll C (1971) Landscape ecology (geoecology) and biogeocenology—a terminology study. Geoforum 2:43–46

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner MG (1989) Landscape ecology: the effect of pattern on process. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst 20:171–197

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner MG, Gardner RH (1991) Quantitative methods in landscape ecology: the analysis and interpretation of landscape heterogeneity. Springer, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner MG, Gardner RH, O’Neill RV (2001) Landscape ecology in theory and practice: pattern and process. Springer, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • UN Habitat (2016) Urbanization and development: emerging futures. World Cities Report 2016. United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat). HS/038/16E

  • United Nations (1972) Report of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment. United Nations Publication A/CONF.48/14/Rev.1

  • United Nations (1987) Our common future. Oxford University Press. A/42/427

  • United Nations (1996) Report of the United Nations Conference on Human Settlements (Habitat II). Istanbul, Turkey, 3–14 June 1996. A/CONF.165/14

  • United Nations (2002) Johannesburg declaration on sustainable development. World summit on sustainable development. 4 September 2002. A/CONF.199/20

  • United Nations (2015) Transforming our world: the 2030 agenda for sustainable development. A/RES/70/1

  • United Nations (2017) New urban agenda. A/RES/71/256

  • United Nations Sustainable Development (1992) Agenda 21. United Nations Conference on Environment & Development Rio de Janerio, Brazil, June 1992. A/CONF.151/26

  • Van der Maarel E (1982) Biogeographical and landscape-ecological planning of nature reserves. In: Tjallingii SP, de Veer AA (eds) Perspectives in landscape ecology: contributions to research, planning and management of our environment: proceedings of the international congress organized by the Netherlands Society for landscape Ecology, Veldhoven, the Netherlands, April 6–11, 1981. Wageningen, Pudoc., pp 227–237

  • Van der Poel AJ (1976) From landscape care to research in landscape planning. Landsc Plan 3:363–370

    Google Scholar 

  • Vink APA (1983) Landscape ecology and land use. Longman Group Limited, London und New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Wiens JA (2009) Landscape ecology as a foundation for sustainable conservation. Landsc Ecol 24:1053–1065

    Google Scholar 

  • Wiens JA, Milne BT (1989) Scaling of “landscape” in landscape ecology, or, landscape ecology from a beetle’s perspective. Landsc Ecol 3:87–96

    Google Scholar 

  • Wiens JA, Moss MR (eds) (1999) Issues in landscape ecology. IALE International Association for Landscape Ecology, Guelph, Ontario, Canada

  • Wiens JA, Moss MR (2005) Issues and perspectives in landscape ecology. Studies in landscape ecology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Wiens J, Moss MR, Turner MG, Mladenoff DJ (eds) (2007) Foundation papers in landscape ecology. Columbia University Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • With KA (2019) Essentials of landscape ecology. Oxford University Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu J (2006) Landscape ecology, cross-disciplinarity, and sustainability science. Landsc Ecol 21:1–4

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu J (2007) Past, present and future of landscape ecology. Landsc Ecol 22:1433–1435

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu J (2008) Making the case for landscape ecology: an effective approach to urban sustainability. Landsc J 27:41–50

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu J (2010) Urban sustainability: an inevitable goal of landscape research. Landsc Ecol 25:1–4

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu J (2013a) Key concepts and research topics in landscape ecology revisited: 30 years after Allerton Park workshop. Landsc Ecol 28:1–11

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu J (2013a) Landscape ecology. In: Leemans R (ed) Ecological systems: selected entries from the encyclopedia of sustainability science and technology. Springer, New York, pp 179–200

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu J (2013b) Landscape sustainability science: ecosystem services and human well-being in changing landscapes. Landsc Ecol 28:999–1023

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu J (2017) Thirty years of landscape ecology (1987–2017): retrospects and prospects. Landsc Ecol 32:2225–2239

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu J (2019) Linking landscape, land system and design approaches to achieve sustainability. J Land Use Sci 14:173–189

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu J, Hobbs RJ (eds) (2007) Key topics in landscape ecology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu J, Hobbs R (2002) Key issues and research priorities in landscape ecology: an idiosyncratic synthesis. Landsc Ecol 17:355–365

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu J, Jones KB, Li H, Loucks OL (eds) (2006) Scaling and uncertainty analysis in ecology methods and applications. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zonneveld IS (1979) Land evaluation and landscape science. ITC-textbook on photo interpretation. ITC, Enschede

    Google Scholar 

  • Zonneveld IS (1982) Land(scape) ecology, a science or a state of mind. In: Tjallingii SP, de Veer AA (eds) Perspectives in landscape ecology: contributions to research, planning and management of our environment: proceedings of the international congress organized by the Netherlands Society for landscape Ecology, Veldhoven, the Netherlands, April 6–11, 1981. Wageningen, Pudoc., pp 9–17

  • Zonneveld IS (1989) The land unit—a fundamental concept in landscape ecology, and its applications. Landsc Ecol 3:67–86

    Google Scholar 

  • Zonneveld IS (1990) Scope and concepts of landscape ecology as an emerging science. In: Zonneveld IS, Forman RTT (eds) Changing landscapes: an ecological perspective. Springer, New York, pp 3–20

    Google Scholar 

  • Zonneveld IS (1995) Land ecology: an introduction to landscape ecology as a base for land evaluation. Land management and conservation. SPB Academic Publishing, Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  • Zonneveld IS, Forman RTT (eds) (1990) Changing landscapes: an ecological perspective. Springer, New York

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The paper was prepared as a result of work on the scholarly project 451-03-68/2020-14/200090 which is financed within the program of Technological development by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Architecture, University of Belgrade, Bulevar kralja Aleksandra 73/II, Office 249, 11120, Belgrade, Serbia

    Aleksandra Milovanović

  2. Faculty of Architecture, University of Belgrade, Bulevar kralja Aleksandra 73/II, Office 245, 11120, Belgrade, Serbia

    Danijela Milovanović Rodić & Marija Maruna

Authors
  1. Aleksandra Milovanović
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Danijela Milovanović Rodić
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Marija Maruna
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Aleksandra Milovanović.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (DOCX 94 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Milovanović, A., Milovanović Rodić, D. & Maruna, M. Eighty-year review of the evolution of landscape ecology: from a spatial planning perspective. Landscape Ecol 35, 2141–2161 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-020-01102-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-020-01102-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation