Skip to main content
Log in

The Science of REBT as it Relates to Performance: Are We in the Starting Blocks or Near the Finish Line?

  • Published:
Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) has a long history of application and scholarly work in support of its efficacy. The logical extension of the scientific application of REBT to the area of performance is one that makes sense but has lagged relative to the science of clinical applications. While the majority of the research has been with more clinical treatment applications (e.g., depression) the science of REBT to improve performance has been increasing in frequency and demonstrating efficacy. Insights as to the current status and future directions of the science of REBT as it relates to performance settings can guide both scholarly work as well as clinical applications. To this end, this paper solicited opinions from REBT researchers who have done scholarly work in performance settings (i.e., sport) to answer three questions pertaining to the science of REBT as it relates to performance. Researchers were asked to respond to the following questions: (1) How would you describe the current status of the research on REBT within the realm of performance psychology?; (2) What would be an important future scientific application of REBT with regards to sport/ performance psychology?; and (3) From what you have learned about conducting REBT research, what three main factors should researchers consider before undertaking REBT research? Responses are collected and presented by researcher in an effort to inform as to the status of the science of REBT in performance settings as well as to guide future researchers who may be considering scientific applications of REBT in performance psychology.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

Data Availability

Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.

References

  • Aoyagi, M. W. (2013). Teaching theories of performance excellence to sport & performance psychology consultants-in-training. Journal of Sport Psychology in Action, 4(3), 139–151. https://doi.org/10.1080/21520704.2013.792895

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Artiran, M. (2017). Rebounding from injury and increasing performance using Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT). In M. Turner & R. Bennett (Eds.), Rational emotive behavioural therapy in sport and exercise. Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernard, M. E., & David, O. A. (Eds.). (2018). Coaching for living: Theory, techniques and applications. Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boehme, S., Biehl, S. C., & Mühlberger, A. (2019). Effects of differential strategies of emotion regulation. Brain Sciences, 9(9), 225. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9090225

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Castonguay, L. G., & Hill, C. E. (Eds.). (2017). How and why are some therapists better than others? Understanding therapist effects. American Psychological Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chadha, N. J., Turner, M. J., & Slater, M. J. (2019). Investigating irrational beliefs, cognitive appraisals, challenge and threat, and affective states in golfers approaching competitive situations. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2295. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02295

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Cunningham, R., & Turner, M. J. (2016). Using Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) with Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) athletes to reduce irrational beliefs and increase unconditional self-acceptance. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 34, 289–309. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10942-016-0240-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • David, D., Cotet, C., Matu, S., Mogoase, C., & Simona, S. (2018). 50 years of rational-emotive and cognitive-behavioral therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 74(3), 304–318. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22514

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • David, D. O., Matu, S. A., Podina, I. R., & Predatu, R. M. (2019). Future research directions for REBT. In Advances in REBT: Theory, practice, research, measurement, prevention and promotion (pp. 121–146). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93118-0_6

  • David, O. A. (2013). Prescriptive index: Development and validation of the mood wheel and manager rational and irrational beliefs scale. Romanian Journal of Applied Psychology, 15(2), 41–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • David, O. A., Ionicioiu, I., Imbarus, C. A., & Sava, F. A. (2016). Coaching banking managers through the financial crisis: Effects on stress, resilience, and performance. Journal of Rational- Emotive and Cognitive- Behavioral Therapy, 34(4), 267–281. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10942-016-0244-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • David, O. A., & Matu, S. A. (2013). How to tell if managers are good coaches and how to help them improve during adversity? The managerial coaching assessment system and the rational managerial coaching program. Journal of Cognitive and Behavioral Psychotherapies, 13(2), 259–274. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10942-015-0225-8

  • David, O. A., Matu, S. A., Pintea, S., Cotet, C. D., & Nagy, D. (2014). Cognitive-behavioral processes based on using the ABC analysis by trainees’ for their personal development. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 32(3), 198–215. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10942-014-0189-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, H., & Turner, M. J. (2020). The use of rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) to increase the self-determined motivation and psychological well-being of triathletes. Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology, 9(4), 489–505. https://doi.org/10.1037/spy0000191

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ellis, A. (1957). Rational Psychotherapy and Individual Psychology. Journal of Individual Psychology, 13, 38–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ellis, A. (1972). Executive leadership: The rational-emotive approach. Institute for Rational-Emotive Therapy.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ellis, A. (1994). The sport of avoiding sports and exercise: A rational emotive behavior therapy perspective. The Sport Psychologist, 8(3), 248–261. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.8.3.248

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fernholz, I., Mumm, J. L. M., Plag, J., Noeres, K., Rotter, G., Willich, S. N., Ströhle, A., Berghöfer, A., & Schmidt, A. (2019). Performance anxiety in professional musicians: A systematic review on prevalence, risk factors and clinical treatment effects. Psychological Medicine, 49(14), 2287–2306. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291719001910

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hoendervanger, J. G., Van Yperen, N. W., Mobach, M. P., & Albers, C. J. (2019). Perceived fit in activity-based work environments and its impact on satisfaction and performance. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 65, 101339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2019.101339

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Henriksen, K., Schinke, R., Moesch, K., McCann, S., Parham, W. D., Larsen, C. H., & Terry, P. (2020). Consensus statement on improving the mental health of high-performance athletes. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 18(5), 553–560. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2019.1570473

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • James, W. (1899). The gospel of relaxation. Scribner’s Magazine, 25, 499–507.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jordana, A., Turner, M. J., Ramis, Y., & Torregrossa, M. (2020). A systematic mapping review on the use of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) with athletes. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 1, 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2020.1836673

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, J. K., & Turner, M. J. (2022). Making a difference: A review and auto-ethnographic account of applying Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT) in policing. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy.

  • McRae, K., Hughes, B., Chopra, S., Gabrieli, J. D. E., Gross, J. J., & Ochsner, K. N. (2010). The Neural Bases of Distraction and Reappraisal. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 22(2), 248–262. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2009.21243

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Mesagno, C., Tibbert, S. J., Buchanan, E., Harvey, J. T., & Turner, M. J. (2021). Irrational beliefs and choking under pressure: A preliminary investigation. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 33(6), 569–589.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morris, R., Tod, D., & Eubank, M. R (2017). It’s the end of the world as we know it (and I feel fine): The use of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) to increase function and reduce irrational beliefs of an injured athlete. In Turner, M and Bennett, R, (eds.) Rational Emotive Behavioural Therapy in Sport and Exercise. Routledge.

  • Nagel, J. J., Himle, D. P., & Papsdorf, J. D. (1989). Cognitive-behavioural treatment of musical performance anxiety. Psychology of Music, 17(1), 12–21. https://doi.org/10.1177/0305735689171002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nejati, M., Farsi, A., Moteshareie, E., Miller, A., & Turner, M. J. (2022). The effects of rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) on performance under pressure in adolescent soccer athletes: A randomized control design. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 1, 1. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2022.2152852

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Outar, L., Turner, M., Wood, A., & Lowry, R. (2018). “I need to go to the gym”: Exploring the use of rational emotive behaviour therapy upon exercise addiction, irrational and rational beliefs. Performance Enhancement & Health, 6(2), 82–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.peh.2018.05.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rice, S. M., Purcell, R., De Silva, S., Mawren, D., McGorry, P. D., & Parker, A. G. (2016). The mental health of elite athletes: A narrative systematic review. Sports Medicine, 46(9), 1333–1353. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0492-2

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Saint-Martin, S. V., Turner, M. J., & Ruiz, M. C. (2020). Mental preparation of olympic and paralympic swimmers: Performance-related cognitions and emotions, and the techniques used to manage them. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 20(6), 3569–3578.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schlossberg, N. K. (1981). A model for analyzing human adaptation to transition. The Counseling Psychologist, 9(2), 2–18. https://doi.org/10.1177/001100008100900202

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stanton, H. E. (1993). Research note: Alleviation of performance anxiety through hypnotherapy. Psychology of Music, 21(1), 78–82. https://doi.org/10.1177/030573569302100106

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tranaeus, U., Ivarsson, A., & Johnson, U. (2015). Evaluation of the effects of psychological prevention interventions on sport injuries: A meta-analysis. Science & Sports, 30(6), 305–313.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turner, M. J. (2016a). Rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT), irrational and rational beliefs, and the mental health of athletes. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 14–23. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01423

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turner, M. J. (2016b). Proposing a rational resilience credo for use with athletes. Journal of Sport Psychology in Action, 7(3), 170–181. https://doi.org/10.1080/21520704.2016.1236051

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turner, M. J. (2019). REBT in sport. In Advances in REBT: Theory, practice, research, measurement, prevention and promotion (pp. 307–335).

  • Turner, M. J. (2022). The rational practitioner: The sport and performance psychologist’s guide to practicing rational emotive behaviour therapy. Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Turner, M. J., & Allen, M. (2018). Confirmatory factor analysis of the irrational performance beliefs inventory (iPBI) in a sample of amateur and semi-professional athletes. Psychology of Sport Exercise, 35, 126–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2017.11.017

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turner, M. J., Allen, M., Slater, M. J., Barker, J. B., Woodcock, C., Harwood, C. G., & McFadyen, K. (2018a). The development and initial validation of the irrational performance beliefs inventory (iPBI). European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 34, 174–180.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turner, M. J., Aspin, G., & Gillman, J. (2019). Maladaptive schema as a potential mechanism through which irrational beliefs relate to psychological distress in athletes. Psychology of Sport & Exercise, 44, 9–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2019.04.015

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turner, M. J., & Barker, J. B. (2013). Examining the efficacy of rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT) on irrational beliefs and anxiety in elite youth cricketers. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 25, 131–147. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2011.574311

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turner, M., & Bennett, R. (2020). Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy in Sport and Exercise. Taylor & Francis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner, M. J., Ewen, D., & Barker, J. B. (2018b). An Idiographic Single-Case Study Examining the Use of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) with Three Amateur Golfers to Alleviate Social Anxiety. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 32(2), 186–204. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2018.1496186

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turner, M. J., Kirkham, L., & Wood, A. G. (2018c). Teeing up for success: The effects of rational and irrational self-talk on the putting performance of amateur golfers. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 38, 148–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2018.06.012

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turner, M. J., Miller, A., Youngs, H., Barber, N., Brick, N. E., Chadha, N. J., Chandler, C., Coyle, M., Didymus, F. F., Evans, A. L., Jones, K., McCann, B., Meijen, C., & Rossato, C. J. L. (2022). “I must do this!”: A latent profile analysis approach to understanding the role of irrational beliefs and motivation regulation in mental and physical health. Journal of Sports Sciences, 40(8), 934–949. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2022.2042124

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vîslă, A., Flückiger, C., Grosse Holtforth, M., & David, D. (2016). Irrational beliefs and psychological distress: A meta-analysis. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 85(1), 8–15.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wampold, B. E., & Ulvenes, P. G. (2019). Integration of common factors and specific ingredients. In J. C. Norcross & M. R. Goldfried (Eds.) Handbook of psychotherapy integration (pp. 69–87). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190690465.003.0003

  • Wood, A. G., Turner, M. J., Barker, J. B., & Higgins, S. J. (2017). Investigating the effects of irrational and rational self-statements on motor-skill and hazard perception performance. Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology, 6(4), 384–400.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Young, P., Chow, V., Haslam, C., Wood, A., & Barker, J. (2022). Can Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT) and mindfulness be integrated effectively within high performance settings? Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 1, 1–21.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to M. D. Terjesen.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Terjesen, M.D., Artiran, M., Claffey, J. et al. The Science of REBT as it Relates to Performance: Are We in the Starting Blocks or Near the Finish Line?. J Rat-Emo Cognitive-Behav Ther 41, 272–289 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10942-023-00500-7

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10942-023-00500-7

Keywords

Navigation