Skip to main content
Log in

A Field-Based Community Assessment of Intoxication Levels Across College Football Weekends: Does It Matter Who’s Playing?

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
The Journal of Primary Prevention Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

While alcohol consumption has been consistently linked to college football games in the United States, this literature lacks (a) field-based event-level analyses; (b) assessments of the context of drinking, such as days leading to an event, that occurs in conjunction with a contest; (c) investigations of non-student drinking; and (d) objective assessments of opponent rating. Therefore, the present study: (1) examines the extent to which breath alcohol concentrations (BrAC) among restaurant and bar district patrons differ for low- and high-profile games and (2) explores the relationship between an objective rating of a team’s opponent and BrAC levels. Data were collected throughout the fall 2011 football season via six anonymous field studies in a bar district within a southeastern college community. During low-profile game weekends, respondents recorded significantly lower BrAC levels than those during high-profile game weekends. Additionally, there was a positive correlation between opponent rating and BrAC levels, such that mean BrAC readings were highest prior to the game featuring the highest rated opponent. Overall, participants exhibited significantly higher BrACs when a higher-rated opponent was playing that weekend. When resources (money, manpower) are limited, community-based prevention and enforcement efforts should occur during the weekends surrounding higher-profile games.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ammon, R, Jr, Southall, R. M., & Nagel, M. S. (2010). Sport facility management: Organizing events and mitigating risks (2nd ed.). Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barry, A. E. (2009). Alcohol advertisers true colors on display with fan can promotion. Journal of Alcohol & Drug Education, 53(3), 7–11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barry, A. E., Chaney, B. H., & Stellefson, M. L. (2013a). Breath alcohol concentrations of designated drivers. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 74(4), 509–513.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barry, A. E., Stellefson, M. L., Piazza-Gardner, A. K., Chaney, B. H., & Dodd, V. (2013b). The impact of pregaming on subsequent blood alcohol concentrations: An event level analysis. Addictive Behaviors, 38(8), 2374–2377.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Celio, M. A., Vetter-O’Hagen, C. S., Lisman, S. A., Johansen, G. E., & Spear, L. P. (2011). Integrating field methodology and web-based data collection to assess the reliability of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 119(1–2), 142–144.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Champion, H., Blocker, J. N., Buettner, C. K., Martin, B. A., Parries, M., McCoy, T. P.,…, Rhodes, S. D. (2009). High-risk versus low-risk football game weekends: Differences in problem drinking and alcohol-related consequences on college campuses in the United States. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, 21(2), 249–262.

  • Cohen, J. W. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coleman, B. J., Gallo, A., Mason, P. M., & Steagall, J. W. (2010). Voter bias in the Associated Press college football poll. Journal of Sports Economics, 11(4), 397–417.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DeSchriver, T. D., & Jensen, P. E. (2002). Determinants of spectator attendance at NCAA Division II football contests. Journal of Sport Management, 16(4), 311–330.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glassman, T., Werch, C. E., Jobli, E., & Bian, H. (2007). Alcohol-related fan behavior on college football game day. Journal of American College Health, 56(3), 255–260.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Grove, S. J., Pickett, G. M., Jones, S. A., & Dorsch, M. J. (2012). Spectator rage as the dark side of engaging sport fans: Implications for service marketers. Journal of Service Research, 15(1), 3–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ham, L. S., & Hope, D. A. (2003). College students and problematic drinking: A review of the literature. Clinical Psychology Review, 23(5), 719–759.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Huang, K., & Dixon, M. A. (2013). Examining the financial impact of alcohol sales on football game days: A case study of a major football program. Journal of Sport Management, 27(3), 207–216.

    Google Scholar 

  • Merlo, L. J., Ahmedani, B. K., Barondess, D. A., Bohnert, K. M., & Gold, M. S. (2011). Alcohol consumption associated with collegiate American football pre-game festivities. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 116(1–3), 242–245.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Merlo, L. J., Hong, J., & Cottler, L. B. (2010). The association between alcohol-related arrests and college football game days. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 106(1), 69–71.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moore, S. C., Shepherd, J. P., Eden, S., & Sivarajasingam, V. (2007). The effect of rugby match outcome on spectator aggression and intention to drink alcohol. Criminal Behavior and Mental Health, 17(2), 118–127.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Neal, D. J., & Fromme, K. (2007). Hook ‘em horns and heavy drinking: Alcohol use and collegiate sports. Addictive Behaviors, 32(11), 2681–2693.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Neal, D. J., Sugarman, D. E., Hustad, J. T. P., Caska, C. M., & Carey, K. B. (2005). It’s all fun and games…or is it? Collegiate sporting events and celebratory drinking. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 66(2), 291–294.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Neighbors, C., Walters, S. T., Lee, C. M., Vader, A. M., Vehige, T., Szigethy, T., & DeJong, W. (2007). Event-specific prevention: Addressing college student drinking during known windows of risk. Addictive Behaviors, 32(11), 2667–2680.

  • Nelson, T. F., Lenk, K. M., Xuan, Z., & Wechsler, H. (2010). Student drinking at U.S. college sports events. Substance Use and Misuse, 45(12), 1861–1873.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nelson, T. F., & Wechsler, H. (2003). School spirits: Alcohol and collegiate sports fans. Addictive Behaviors, 28(1), 1–11.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • O’Mara, R. J., Thombs, D. L., Wagenaar, A. C., Rossheim, M. E., Merves, M. L., Hou, W.,…, Goldberger, B. A. (2009). Alcohol price and intoxication in college bars. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 33(11), 1973–1980.

  • Oster-Aaland, L. K., & Neighbors, C. (2007). The impact of a tailgating policy on students’ drinking behavior and perceptions. Journal of American College Health, 56(3), 281–284.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Price, D. I., & Sen, K. C. (2003). The demand for game day attendance in college football: An analysis of the 1997 Division 1-A season. Managerial and Decision Economics, 24(1), 35–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Russ, N. W., Geller, E. S., & Leland, L. S. (1988). Blood–alcohol level feedback: A failure to deter impaired driving. Psychology of Addictive Behavior, 2(3), 124–130.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shook, J., & Hiestand, B. C. (2011). Alcohol-related emergency department visits associated with collegiate football games. Journal of American College Health, 59(5), 388–392.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sperber, M. (2001). Beer and circus: How big-time college sports is crippling undergraduate education. New York, NY: Holt Paperbacks.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thombs, D. L., O’Mara, R., Dodd, V. J., Hou, W., Merves, M. L., Weiler, R. M.,…, Werch, C. E. (2009). A field study of bar-sponsored drink specials and their associations with patron intoxication. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 70(2), 206–214.

  • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. (2013). Healthy People 2020. Retrieved from http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/.

  • Wright, N. R., & Cameron, D. (1998). The influence of habitual alcohol intake on breath-alcohol concentrations following prolonged drinking. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 33(5), 495–501.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Conflict of interest

The authors have no conflict, financial or otherwise, to report.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Adam E. Barry.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Barry, A.E., Howell, S., Bopp, T. et al. A Field-Based Community Assessment of Intoxication Levels Across College Football Weekends: Does It Matter Who’s Playing?. J Primary Prevent 35, 409–416 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10935-014-0369-9

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10935-014-0369-9

Keywords

Navigation