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Food Insecurity and the Double Burden of Malnutrition of Indigenous Refugee Épera Siapidara

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Abstract

The goal of this paper is to assess food and nutritional security status of an indigenous population who migrated from Colombia to Ecuador. We collected data about the perception of food insecurity, anthropometric and food intake (n = 104). An analysis multivariate (Generalized Linear Model) we used to know the adequacy to the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI). All the households were food insecure, stunting affected 45.1% of children and adolescents and the 60% were overweight or obese women. Significant differences were observed by gender for energy, lipid, carbohydrate, fiber, and iron (p < 0.001). No age group meets the DRI for fiber, calcium and potassium (except in children 24–59 months) and iron. There was a deficiency in vitamins A, D, folic acid and thiamine. The Epera Siapidara people in Ecuador experience acute food insecurity and a double burden of malnutrition, which may seriously affect their health and general progress.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the participants of the study and the community Santa Rosa de los Épera, Esmeraldas, Ecuador. This study was supported by the Pontificial Catholic University of Ecuador in Esmeraldas (PUCESE) and the University of Córdoba (UCO).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Córdoba, Agrifood Campus of Excellence International CeiA3, Córdoba, Spain

    María Pilar Villena-Esponera & Rafael Moreno-Rojas

  2. Food Safety and Quality Research Group, Pontificial Catholic University of Ecuador in Esmeraldas (PUCESE), Esmeraldas, Ecuador

    María Pilar Villena-Esponera

  3. Department of Nursing, School of Medicine and Nursing, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain

    Guillermo Molina-Recio

Authors
  1. María Pilar Villena-Esponera
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  2. Rafael Moreno-Rojas
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  3. Guillermo Molina-Recio
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Correspondence to María Pilar Villena-Esponera.

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Ethical Approval

Two types of consent were requested, one from the whole community, for which we asked those attending the 2014 General Assembly to vote and the president of the Epera Siapidara people to sign a document. The other was on a family basis, where the adults and the person in charge of the home read the informed consent sheet in Castilian or translated to epérã pedée, as necessary, and signed to give their agreement in writing.

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Villena-Esponera, M.P., Moreno-Rojas, R. & Molina-Recio, G. Food Insecurity and the Double Burden of Malnutrition of Indigenous Refugee Épera Siapidara. J Immigrant Minority Health 21, 1035–1042 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-018-0807-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-018-0807-5

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