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Associations between naturalistically assessed physical activity patterns, affect, and eating in youth with overweight and obesity

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Abstract

Insufficient physical activity (PA) and excessive stationary behavior (SB) are contributors to pediatric obesity, though antecedents and consequences of these behaviors in this population are relatively unknown. This pilot study examined affect, loss of control eating (LOCE), overeating, and hunger surrounding PA and SB in 17 youth with overweight/obesity. Participants completed a 14-day ecological momentary assessment (EMA) wearing accelerometers. At the momentary level, higher negative affect and lower positive affect predicted SB increases and PA decreases following EMA prompts; higher PA and lower SB also predicted increases in positive affect. Higher LOCE predicted SB increases and PA decreases, while increases in PA and decreases in SB predicted short-term increases in LOCE and overeating. At the individual level, higher SB and lower PA were related to lower positive affect and higher negative affect, LOCE, overeating, and hunger. Findings suggest affect is a relevant antecedent and consequence of PA/SB, and dysregulated eating may acutely impact PA/SB.

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Notes

  1. Activity time variables were aggregated within person prior to conducting correlation analyses.

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Funding

This research was funded by Grants from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (UL1-TR000430) and the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (K23-DK105234).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar St #2200, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA

    Kathryn E. Smith

  2. Department of Psychology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA

    Alissa Haedt-Matt

  3. Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Tyler B. Mason & Shirlene Wang

  4. Department of Exercise Science and TecHealth, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA

    Chih-Hsiang Yang

  5. Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA

    Jessica L. Unick, Dale Bond & Andrea B. Goldschmidt

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  1. Kathryn E. Smith
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the conceptualization of the research questions and hypotheses in the present manuscript. Material preparation, data collection, and funding acquisition were performed by AG and AH-M. Analyses were conducted by KS, TM, C-HY, and SW. The first draft of the manuscript was written by KS, and all authors provided critical feedback on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Kathryn E. Smith.

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All procedures followed were in accordance with ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2000. Informed consent was obtained from all patients for being included in the study.

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Smith, K.E., Haedt-Matt, A., Mason, T.B. et al. Associations between naturalistically assessed physical activity patterns, affect, and eating in youth with overweight and obesity. J Behav Med 43, 916–931 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-020-00152-3

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