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In vivo evaluation of interactions between biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP)-niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5) nanocomposite and tissues using a rat critical-size calvarial defect model

  • Biocompatibility Studies
  • Original Research
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Abstract

Natural or synthetic biomaterials are increasingly being used to support bone tissue repair or substitution. The combination of natural calcium phosphates with biocompatible alloys is an important route towards the development of new biomaterials with bioperformance and mechanical responses to mimic those of human bones. This article evaluated the structural, physical, mechanical and biological properties of a new mechanical improved nanocomposite elaborated by association of fish biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) and niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5). The nanocomposite (Nb-BCP) and the pure BCP, used as a positive control, were obtained by powder metallurgy. The density, porosity and microhardness were measured. The structural analysis was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the biological properties were studied in histological sections of critical size calvaria defects in rats, 7, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days after implantation of disks of both materials. Morphological description was made after scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy analysis. After sintering, the Nb-BCP nanocomposite presented four crystalline phases: 34.36% calcium niobate (CaNb2O6), 21.68% phosphorus niobium oxide (PNb9O25), 42.55% β-tricalcium phosphate (Ca3(PO4)2) and 1.31% of niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5) and exhibited increases of 17% in density, 66% in Vickers microhardness and 180% in compressive strength compared to pure BCP. In vivo study, showed biocompatibility, bioactivity and osteoconductivity similar to pure BCP. SEM showed the formation of globular accretions over the implanted nanocomposites, representing one of the stages of bone mineralization. In conclusion, the BCP and Nb2O5 formed a nanocomposite exhibiting characteristics that are desirable for a biomaterial, such as bioperformance, higher β-TCP percentage and improved physical and mechanical properties compared to pure BCP. These characteristics demonstrate the promise of this material for supporting bone regeneration.

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Acknowledgements

We are thankful to Brazilian Agencies CAPES, CNPq, FINEP, and Fundação Araucária for the financial support of this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Morphologycal Sciences Department, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil

    Helio de Jesus Kiyochi Junior, Aline Gabriela Candido & Luzmarina Hernandes

  2. Physics Department, Universidade Estadual do Centro Oeste, Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil

    Taiana Gabriela Moretti Bonadio

  3. Physics Department, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil

    José Adauto da Cruz, Mauro Luciano Baesso & Wilson Ricardo Weinand

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  1. Helio de Jesus Kiyochi Junior
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  2. Aline Gabriela Candido
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Correspondence to Luzmarina Hernandes.

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All procedures involving the use of animals were approved (under number 079/2010) by the Ethics Committee on the Use of Animals (CEUA) of Universidade Estadual de Maringá, in accordance with the terms of article 8 of Federal Law 11794/2008.

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Kiyochi Junior, H.d.J., Candido, A.G., Bonadio, T.G.M. et al. In vivo evaluation of interactions between biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP)-niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5) nanocomposite and tissues using a rat critical-size calvarial defect model. J Mater Sci: Mater Med 31, 71 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-020-06414-5

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