Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Surface characterization and biological properties of regular dentin, demineralized dentin, and deproteinized dentin

  • Clinical Applications of Biomaterials
  • Original Research
  • Published:
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Bone autografts are often used for reconstruction of bone defects; however, due to the limitations of autografts, researchers have been in search of bone substitutes. Dentin is of particular interest for this purpose due to high similarity to bone. This in vitro study sought to assess the surface characteristics and biological properties of dentin samples prepared with different treatments. This study was conducted on regular (RD), demineralized (DemD), and deproteinized (DepD) dentin samples. X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used for surface characterization. Samples were immersed in simulated body fluid, and their bioactivity was evaluated under a scanning electron microscope. The methyl thiazol tetrazolium assay, scanning electron microscope analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were performed, respectively to assess viability/proliferation, adhesion/morphology and osteoblast differentiation of cultured human dental pulp stem cells on dentin powders. Of the three dentin samples, DepD showed the highest and RD showed the lowest rate of formation and deposition of hydroxyapatite crystals. Although, the difference in superficial apatite was not significant among samples, functional groups on the surface, however, were more distinct on DepD. At four weeks, hydroxyapatite deposits were noted as needle-shaped accumulations on DemD sample and numerous hexagonal HA deposit masses were seen, covering the surface of DepD. The methyl thiazol tetrazolium, scanning electron microscope, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses during the 10-day cell culture on dentin powders showed the highest cell adhesion and viability and rapid differentiation in DepD. Based on the parameters evaluated in this in vitro study, DepD showed high rate of formation/deposition of hydroxyapatite crystals and adhesion/viability/osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells, which may support its osteoinductive/osteoconductive potential for bone regeneration.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Tabatabaei FS, Motamedian SR, Khosraviani K, Gholipour F, Khojasteh A. Craniomaxillofacial bone engineering by scaffolds loaded with stem cells: a systematic review. J Dent Sch. 2012;30(2):113–30.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Giannoudis PV, Einhorn TA, Marsh D. Fracture healing: the diamond concept. Injury. 2007;38:S3–S6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Brydone A, Meek D, Maclaine S. Bone grafting, orthopaedic biomaterials, and the clinical need for bone engineering. Proc Inst Mech Eng H. 2010;224(12):1329–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Roberts-Clark D, Smith A. Angiogenic growth factors in human dentine matrix. Arch Oral Biol. 2000;45(11):1013–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Murata M. Bone engineering using human demineralized dentin matrix and recombinant human BMP-2. J Hard Tissue Biol. 2005;14(2):80–1.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Gomes MF, Banzi ECdF, Destro MFdSS, Lavinicki V, Goulart MdGV. Homogenous demineralized dentin matrix for application in cranioplasty of rabbits with alloxan-induced diabetes: histomorphometric analysis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2007;22(6):939–47.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Kim Y-K. Bone graft material using teeth. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2012;38(3):134–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Nampo T, Watahiki J, Enomoto A, Taguchi T, Ono M, Nakano H, et al. A new method for alveolar bone repair using extracted teeth for the graft material. J Periodontol. 2010;81(9):1264–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Oryan A, Alidadi S, Moshiri A, Maffulli N. Bone regenerative medicine: classic options, novel strategies, and future directions. J Orthop Surg Res. 2014;9(1):18

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Murata M, Akazawa T, Mitsugi M, Um I-W, Kim K-W, Kim Y-K. Human dentin as novel biomaterial for bone regeneration. In: Pignatello R, editor.: InTech; 2011. pp. 127–40.

  11. Ike M, Urist MR. Recycled dentin root matrix for a carrier of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein. J Oral Implantol. 1998;24(3):124–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Yeomans J, Urist M. Bone induction by decalcified dentine implanted into oral, osseous and muscle tissues. Arch Oral Biol. 1967;12(8):999–IN16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Pinholt EM, Bang G, Haanaes HR. Alveolar ridge augmentation by osteoinduction in rats. Scand J Dent Res. 1990;98(5):434–41.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Tabatabaei FS, Ai J, Kashi TSJ, Khazaei M, Kajbafzadeh A-M, Ghanbari Z. Effect of dentine matrix proteins on human endometrial adult stem-like cells: in vitro regeneration of odontoblasts cells. Arch Oral Biol. 2013;58(7):871–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Gu H-r, Jang H-s, Kim S-w, Park J-c. Periodontal regeneration using the mixture of human tooth-ash and plaster of paris in dogs. J Periodontol. 2006;36(1).

  16. Moharamzadeh K, Freeman C, Blackwood K. Processed bovine dentine as a bone substitute. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2008;46(2):110–3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. SoYoungChun B, HyoJungLee T, SeHeangOh J, HongInShin E. Composite scaffold with demineralized dentin particle and poly (lactic co-glycolic acid) for cranial bone regeneration. Tissue Eng Regen Med. 2011;8(3):306–13.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Li R, Guo W, Yang B, Guo L, Sheng L, Chen G, et al. Human treated dentin matrix as a natural scaffold for complete human dentin tissue regeneration. Biomaterials. 2011;32(20):4525–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Shah FA, Brauer DS, Wilson RM, Hill RG, Hing KA. Influence of cell culture medium composition on in vitro dissolution behavior of a fluoride-containing bioactive glass. J Biomed Mater Res Part A. 2014;102A:647–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Tabatabaei FS, Jazayeri M, Ghahari P, Haghighipour N. Effects of equiaxial strain on the differentiation of dental pulp stem cells without using biochemical reagents. Mol Cell Biomech. 2014;11(3):209–20.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Tabatabaei FS, Torshabi M, Nasab MM, Khosraviani K, Khojasteh A. Effect of low-level diode laser on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells. Laser Phys. 2015;25(9):095602.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Smith A, Scheven B, Takahashi Y, Ferracane J, Shelton R, Cooper P. Dentine as a bioactive extracellular matrix. Arch Oral Biol. 2012;57(2):109–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Tabatabaei FS, Tatari S, Samadi R, Moharamzadeh K. 2016. Different methods of dentin processing for application in bone tissue engineering: A systematic review. J Biomed Mater Res Part A 2016:104A:2616–2627.

  24. Pappalardo S, Mastrangelo F, Reale MD, Cappello V, Ciampoli C, Carlino V, et al. Bone regeneration: in vitro evaluation of the behaviour of osteoblast-like MG63 cells placed in contact with polylactic-co-glycolic acid, deproteinized bovine bone and demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2007;22(3):175–83.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Fugazzotto P, De Paoli S, Benfenati S. The use of allogenic freeze-dried dentin in the repair of periodontal osseous defects in humans. Quintessence Int. 1986;17(8):461.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Şen BH, Ertürk Ö, Pişkin B. The effect of different concentrations of EDTA on instrumented root canal walls. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2009;108(4):622–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Suchanek W, Yoshimura M. Processing and properties of hydroxyapatite-based biomaterials for use as hard tissue replacement implants. J Mater Res. 1998;13(01):94–117.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Shi D. Introduction to biomaterials. Beijing: Tsinghua University Press; 2006.

  29. Chen Po-Yu, Toroian D, Price PA, McKittrick J. Minerals form a continuum phase in mature cancellous bone. Calcif Tissue Int. 2011;88(5):351–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Greenspan DC. Comparison of a synthetic and bovine derived hydroxyapatite bone graft substitute. Zimmer Dental Inc. 2012:1–4.

  31. Toledano M, Osorio E, Cabello I, Osorio, R. Early dentine remineralisation: Morpho-mechanical assessment. J Dent. 42(4):384–94.

  32. Akazawa T, Murata M, Hino J, Nagano F, Shigyo T, Nomura T, et al. Surface structure and biocompatibility of demineralized dentin matrix granules soaked in a simulated body fluid. Appl Surf Sci. 2012;262:51–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Kim Y-K, Kim S-G, Byeon J-H, Lee H-J, Um I-U, Lim S-C, et al. Development of a novel bone grafting material using autogenous teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2010;109(4):496–503.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Kim H-K, Jang J-W, Lee C-H. Surface modification of implant materials and its effect on attachment and proliferation of bone cells. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2004;15(7):825–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Kim Y-K, Kim S-G, Yun P-Y, Yeo I-S, Jin S-C, Oh J-S, et al. Autogenous teeth used for bone grafting: a comparison with traditional grafting materials. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2014;117(1):e39–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Elkayar A, Elshazly Y, Assaad M. Properties of hydroxyapatite from bovine teeth. Bone Tissue Regen Insights. 2009;2:31–6.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Pappalardo S, Carlino V, Brutto D, Sinatra F. How do biomaterials affect the biological activities and responses of cells? An in vitro study. Minerva stomatologica. 2010;59(9):445–64.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Xiao L, Tsutsui T. Characterization of human dental pulp cells‐derived spheroids in serum‐free medium: stem cells in the core. J Cell Biochem. 2013;114(11):2624–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Chun SY, Acharya B, Lee HJ, Kwon T-g, Oh SH, Lee JH, et al. Composite scaffold with demineralized dentin particle and poly(lactic co- glycolic acid) for cranial bone regeneration. Tissue Eng Regen Med. 2011;8(3):306–13.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Tabatabaei FS, Torshabi M. Effects of non-collagenous proteins, TGF-β1, and PDGF-BB on viability and proliferation of dental pulp stem cells. J Oral Maxillofac Res. 2016;7(1):e4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Guo W, He Y, Zhang X, Lu W, Wang C, Yu H, et al. The use of dentin matrix scaffold and dental follicle cells for dentin regeneration. Biomaterials. 2009;30(35):6708–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Pietrzak WS, Ali SN, Chitturi D, Jacob M, Woodell-May JE. BMP depletion occurs during prolonged acid demineralization of bone: characterization and implications for graft preparation. Cell Tissue Bank. 2011;12(2):81–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Smith AJ. Vitality of the dentin-pulp complex in health and disease: growth factors as key mediators. J Dent Educ. 2003;67(6):678–89.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Smith AJ, Patel M, Graham L, Sloan AJ, Cooper PR. Dentine regeneration: key roles for stem cells and molecular signalling. Oral Biosci Med. 2005;2:127–32.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Galler K, Widbiller M, Buchalla W, Eidt A, Hiller KA, Hoffer P, et al. EDTA conditioning of dentine promotes adhesion, migration and differentiation of dental pulp stem cells. Int Endod J. 2015.

  46. Miron R, Zhang Y. Osteoinduction a review of old concepts with new standards. J Dent Res. 2012;91(8):736–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Roberts SJ, Chen Y, Moesen M, Schrooten J, Luyten FP. Enhancement of osteogenic gene expression for the differentiation of human periosteal derived cells. Stem Cell Res. 2011;7(2):137–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This paper was derived from a doctorate thesis, supported by the School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical sciences (Project No. 1345) and approved by the ethical committee (No. 1345-16915) of this university.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Fahimeh Sadat Tabatabaei, Saeed Tatari, Ramin Samadi & Maryam Torshabi

  2. Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Fahimeh Sadat Tabatabaei & Maryam Torshabi

Authors
  1. Fahimeh Sadat Tabatabaei
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Saeed Tatari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ramin Samadi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Maryam Torshabi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Maryam Torshabi.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Tabatabaei, F., Tatari, S., Samadi, R. et al. Surface characterization and biological properties of regular dentin, demineralized dentin, and deproteinized dentin. J Mater Sci: Mater Med 27, 164 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-016-5780-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-016-5780-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation