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Ion valence state and magnetic origin of PbPd1−xNixO2 nanograin films with a high-temperature ferromagnetism

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Abstract

The PbPd1 − xNi x O2 nanograin films with different Ni-doping levels (x = 0.037–0.150) were synthesized by the sol–gel spin-coating method and an oxidation treatment. The films with a thickness of about 210 nm were found to be single phase with a body-centered orthorhombic structure and to possess a large number of Pb vacancies. High-temperature ferromagnetism discovered in these films can be maintained above 380 K. Paramagnetism was also found in the films with high Ni-doping levels. The analysis on the XANES spectra and their first derivatives offered the evidences for the facts that the film’s ferromagnetism is intrinsic and the increase in the Pb valence from 2+ towards 4+, caused by the appearance of large amount of Pb vacancies and low electronegativity of Pb2+ ion, provides magnetic moments to the film’s magnetism. A carrier-mediated mechanism bridged to the bound magnetic polaron model based on the Pb vacancies, the doped Ni ions and the Pb ions with a valence higher than 2+ was adopted to interpret the origin of the magnetism within these PbPd1 − xNi x O2 nanograin films. The variation of the specific area of the grain boundary was believed to have a great influence on the proportions of the film’s ferromagnetism and paramagnetism.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11274086), the National Science Council of Taiwan (No. NSC 100-2112-M-006-018-MY3) and the Open Research Fund of Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, Nanjing University (No. 2015–2016).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Materials Science and Engineering and Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, People’s Republic of China

    C. Mei, J. Liu, E. B. Qiu, T. T. Song, F. L. Tang, H. L. Su & Y. C. Wu

  2. Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan

    P. Y. Chuang & J. C. A. Huang

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  1. C. Mei
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  2. J. Liu
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  3. E. B. Qiu
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  4. P. Y. Chuang
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  5. T. T. Song
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  6. F. L. Tang
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  7. H. L. Su
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  8. J. C. A. Huang
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  9. Y. C. Wu
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Correspondence to H. L. Su, J. C. A. Huang or Y. C. Wu.

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Mei, C., Liu, J., Qiu, E.B. et al. Ion valence state and magnetic origin of PbPd1−xNixO2 nanograin films with a high-temperature ferromagnetism. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 29, 4835–4841 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-017-8439-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-017-8439-4

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