Abstract
In this study, Pickering suspension polymerization was used to synthesize thermally stable microencapsulated phase change materials (microPCMs) with n-eicosane as the PCM, polyurea (PUA) as the shell, and graphene oxide (GO) as the colloidal stabilizer. Accordingly, the GO-modified microPCMs (GO@PUAmPCM) prepared at different GO emulsion concentrations were investigated and compared. These microcapsules exhibited high thermal storage of about 70% (180 J/g), leakage prevention, and high solar harvesting capacity with efficient photothermal conversion efficiency (60%). GO@PUAmPCM also showed good thermal reliability, and no leakage was observed after 100 heating and cooling cycles. The process developed herein can be embraced to fabricate highly efficient and reliable PCM microcapsules for solar energy harvesting.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Peng H, Zhang D, Ling X, Li Y, Wang Y, Yu Q, She X, Li Y, Ding Y (2018) n-Alkanes phase change materials and their microencapsulation for thermal energy storage: a critical review. Energy Fuels 32:7262–7293
Bentz DP, Turpin R (2007) Potential applications of phase change materials in concrete technology. Cem Concr Compos 29:527–532
Du K, Calautit J, Wang Z, Wu Y, Liu H (2018) A review of the applications of phase change materials in cooling, heating and power generation in different temperature ranges. Appl Energy 220:242–273
Ahmed T, Bhouri M, Groulx D, White AM (2019) White, passive thermal management of tablet pcs using phase change materials: intermittent operation. Appl Energy 9:902
Hyun DC, Levinson NS, Jeong U, Xia Y (2014) Emerging applications of phase-change materials (PCMs): teaching an old dog new tricks. Angew Chem Int Ed 53:3780–3795
Pielichowska K, Pielichowski K (2014) Phase change materials for thermal energy storage. Prog Mater Sci 65:67–123
Mahamad Dom AB, Tulos N, Wan Ahmad WY, Mohd AF, Yahya MF (2016) Thermal conductivity of paraffin wax as microencapsulated phase change material (PCM) coated on polyester fabric. Adv Mater Res 1134:160–164
Zhan S, Chen S, Chen L, Hou W (2016) Preparation and characterization of polyurea microencapsulated phase change material by interfacial polycondensation method. Powder Technol 292:217–222
Zhou J, Xu W, Wang Y-N, Shi B (2017) Preparation of polyurea microcapsules containing phase change materials in a rotating packed bed. RSC Adv 7:21196–21204
Peihong N, Mingzu Z, Nianxi Y (1995) Effect of operating variables and monomers on the formation of polyurea microcapsules. J Membr Sci 103:51–55
Kwon HJ, Cheong IW, Kim JH (2010) Preparation of n-octadecane nanocapsules by using interfacial redox initiation in miniemulsion polymerization. Macromol Res 18:923–926
Park S, Lee Y, Kim YS, Lee HM, Kim JH, Cheong IW, Koh W-G (2014) Magnetic nanoparticle-embedded PCM nanocapsules based on paraffin core and polyurea shell. Colloids Surf A 450:46–51
Crespy D, Stark M, Hoffmann-Richter C, Ziener U, Landfester K (2007) Polymeric nanoreactors for hydrophilic reagents synthesized by interfacial polycondensation on miniemulsion droplets. Macromolecules 40:3122–3135
Sun N, Xiao Z (2017) Synthesis and performances of phase change materials microcapsules with a polymer/BN/TiO2 hybrid shell for thermal energy storage. Energy Fuels 31:10186–10195
Chevalier Y, Bolzinger M-A (2013) Emulsions stabilized with solid nanoparticles: Pickering emulsions. Colloids Surf A 439:23–34
Adamczyk Z, Nattich-Rak M, Sadowska M, Michna A, Szczepaniak K (2013) Mechanisms of nanoparticle and bioparticle deposition—kinetic aspects. Colloids Surf A 439:3–22
Kaewsaneha C, Tangboriboonrat P, Polpanich D, Eissa M, Elaissari A (2013) Preparation of Janus colloidal particles via Pickering emulsion: an overview. Colloids Surf A 439:35–42
Khoee S, Nouri A (2018) Chapter 4—Preparation of Janus nanoparticles and its application in drug delivery. In: Grumezescu AM (ed) Design and development of new nanocarriers. William Andrew Publishing, Norwich, pp 145–180
Zhang Q, Yang Y, Wang CY (2014) Organic–inorganic hybrid microcapsules fabricated by pickering emulsion templates. Acta Polym Sin 7:997–1001
Li X, Wang Y, Wang B, Feng X, Mao Z, Sui X (2020) Antibacterial phase change microcapsules obtained with lignin as the Pickering stabilizer and the reducing agent for silver. Int J Biol Macromol 144:624–631
Yoo Y, Martinez C, Youngblood JP (2017) Synthesis and characterization of microencapsulated phase change materials with poly(urea-urethane) shells containing cellulose nanocrystals. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 9:31763–31776
Kook JW, Cho W, Koh WG, Cheong IW, Kim JH (2015) Preparation and characterization of octadecane/polyurea nanocapsule-embedded poly(ethylene oxide) nanofibers. J Appl Polym Sci 132:42539
Rodríguez-Cumplido F, Pabón-Gelves E, Chejne-Jana F (2019) Recent developments in the synthesis of microencapsulated and nanoencapsulated phase change materials. J Energy Storage 24:100821
Yin G, Zheng Z, Wang H, Du Q, Zhang H (2013) Preparation of graphene oxide coated polystyrene microspheres by Pickering emulsion polymerization. J Colloid Interface Sci 394:192–198
Thickett SC, Zetterlund PB (2015) Graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets as oil-in-water emulsion stabilizers: Influence of oil phase polarity. J Colloid Interface Sci 442:67–74
Guo Y, Duan B, Zhou J, Zhu P (2014) Chitin/graphene oxide composite films with enhanced mechanical properties prepared in NaOH/urea aqueous solution. Cellulose 21:1781–1791
Luo Q, Wang Y, Yoo E, Wei P, Pentzer E (2018) Ionic liquid-containing pickering emulsions stabilized by graphene oxide-based surfactants. Langmuir 34:10114–10122
Wei T, Zhou X, Hu C, Fan C (2016) Preparation of GO/PUF hybrid shell microcapsules using GO sheets as the particulate emulsifier. Micro Nano Lett 11:207–211
Li J, Feng Q, Cui J, Yuan Q, Qiu H, Gao S, Yang J (2017) Self-assembled graphene oxide microcapsules in Pickering emulsions for self-healing waterborne polyurethane coatings. Compos Sci Technol 151:282–290
Advincula PA, de Leon AC, Rodier BJ, Kwon J, Advincula RC, Pentzer EB (2018) Accommodating volume change and imparting thermal conductivity by encapsulation of phase change materials in carbon nanoparticles. J Mater Chem A 6:2461–2467
Zhang L, Tu S, Wang H, Du Q (2018) Preparation of polymer/graphene oxide nanocomposites by a two-step strategy composed of in situ polymerization and melt processing. Compos Sci Technol 154:1–7
Liu J, Li X, Jia W, Li Z, Zhao Y, Ren S (2015) Demulsification of crude oil-in-water emulsions driven by graphene oxide nanosheets. Energy Fuels 29:4644–4653
Chen X, Song X, Huang J, Wu C, Ma D, Tian M, Jiang H, Huang P (2017) Phase behavior of Pickering emulsions stabilized by graphene oxide sheets and resins. Energy Fuels 31:13439–13447
Yang W, Zhang L, Guo Y, Jiang Z, He F, Xie C, Fan J, Wu J, Zhang K (2018) Novel segregated-structure phase change materials composed of paraffin@graphene microencapsules with high latent heat and thermal conductivity. J Mater Sci 53:2566–2575. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-017-1693-2
Qiao Z, Mao J (2017) Enhanced thermal properties with graphene oxide in the urea-formaldehyde microcapsules containing paraffin PCMs. J Microencapsul 34:1–9
Yuan K, Wang H, Liu J, Fang X, Zhang Z (2015) Novel slurry containing graphene oxide-grafted microencapsulated phase change material with enhanced thermo-physical properties and photo-thermal performance. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 143:29–37
Ma X, Liu Y, Liu H, Zhang L, Xu B, Xiao F (2018) Fabrication of novel slurry containing graphene oxide-modified microencapsulated phase change material for direct absorption solar collector. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 188:73–80
Zhang Y, Zheng X, Wang H, Du Q (2014) Encapsulated phase change materials stabilized by modified graphene oxide. J Mater Chem A 2:5304–5314
Chen D-Z, Qin S-Y, Tsui GCP, Tang C-Y, Ouyang X, Liu J-H, Tang J-N, Zuo J-D (2019) Fabrication, morphology and thermal properties of octadecylamine-grafted graphene oxide-modified phase-change microcapsules for thermal energy storage. Compos Part B 157:239–247
Chen Z, Wang J, Yu F, Zhang Z, Gao X (2015) Preparation and properties of graphene oxide-modified poly(melamine-formaldehyde) microcapsules containing phase change material n-dodecanol for thermal energy storage. J Mater Chem A 3:11624–11630
Liu Z, Chen Z, Yu F (2019) Enhanced thermal conductivity of microencapsulated phase change materials based on graphene oxide and carbon nanotube hybrid filler. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 192:72–80
Liu Z, Chen Z, Yu F (2018) Microencapsulated phase change material modified by graphene oxide with different degrees of oxidation for solar energy storage. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 174:453–459
Wang X, Chen Z, Xu W, Wang X (2019) Capric acid phase change microcapsules modified with graphene oxide for energy storage. J Mater Sci 54:14834–14844. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-019-03954-2
Zhang L, Yang W, Jiang Z, He F, Zhang K, Fan J, Wu J (2017) Graphene oxide-modified microencapsulated phase change materials with high encapsulation capacity and enhanced leakage-prevention performance. Appl Energy 197:354–363
Zhang H, Shi Y, Shentu B, Weng Z (2017) Synthesis and thermal performance of polyurea microcapsulated phase change materials by interfacial polymerization. Polym Sci Ser B 59:689–696
Qian X, Song L, Yu B, Yang W, Wang B, Hu Y, Yuen RKK (2014) One-pot surface functionalization and reduction of graphene oxide with long-chain molecules: Preparation and its enhancement on the thermal and mechanical properties of polyurea. Chem Eng J 236:233–241
Yang J, Zheng J, Hu R, Chen F, Fan P, Zhong M (2014) Effect of surface modification of graphite oxide on the morphological, thermal, and mechanical properties of polyurea/graphite oxide composites. J Appl Polym Sci 131:39775
Yang J, Tang L-S, Bao R-Y, Bai L, Liu Z-Y, Yang W, Xie B-H, Yang M-B (2016) An ice-templated assembly strategy to construct graphene oxide/boron nitride hybrid porous scaffolds in phase change materials with enhanced thermal conductivity and shape stability for light–thermal–electric energy conversion. J Mater Chem A 4:18841–18851
Wang F, Liu J, Fang X, Zhang Z (2016) Graphite nanoparticles-dispersed paraffin/water emulsion with enhanced thermal-physical property and photo-thermal performance. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 147:101–107
Yuan K, Liu J, Fang X, Zhang Z (2018) Novel facile self-assembly approach to construct graphene oxide-decorated phase-change microcapsules with enhanced photo-to-thermal conversion performance. J Mater Chem A 6:4535–4543
Zhao Q, Yang W, Zhang H, He F, Yan H, He R, Zhang K, Fan J (2019) Graphene oxide Pickering phase change material emulsions with high thermal conductivity and photo-thermal performance for thermal energy management. Colloids Surf A 575:42–49
He Y, Wu F, Sun X, Li R, Guo Y, Li C, Zhang L, Xing F, Wang W, Gao J (2013) Factors that affect pickering emulsions stabilized by graphene oxide. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 5:4843–4855
Zhang L, Shi T, Tan D, Zhou H, Zhou X (2014) Pickering emulsion polymerization of styrene stabilized by the mixed particles of graphene oxide and NaCl. Nanotubes Carbon Nanostruct 22:726–737
Jiang Z, Yang W, He F, Xie C, Fan J, Wu J, Zhang K (2018) Modified phase change microcapsules with calcium carbonate and graphene oxide shells for enhanced energy storage and leakage prevention. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 6:5182–5191
Zhao Q, He F, Zhang Q, Fan J, He R, Zhang K, Yan H, Yang W (2019) Microencapsulated phase change materials based on graphene Pickering emulsion for light-to-thermal energy conversion and management. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 203:110204
Maleki M, Ahmadi PT, Mohammadi H, Karimian H, Ahmadi R, Emrooz HBM (2019) Photo-thermal conversion structure by infiltration of paraffin in three dimensionally interconnected porous polystyrene-carbon nanotubes (PS-CNT) polyHIPE foam. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 191:266–274
Li M, Wang C (2019) Preparation and characterization of GO/PEG photo-thermal conversion form-stable composite phase change materials. Renew Energy 141:1005–1012
Zhang Y, Li X, Li J, Ma C, Guo L, Meng X (2018) Solar-driven phase change microencapsulation with efficient Ti4O7 nanoconverter for latent heat storage. Nano Energy 53:579–586
Fan D, Liu Y, He J, Zhou Y, Yang Y (2012) Porous graphene-based materials by thermolytic cracking. J Mater Chem 22:1396–1402
He J, Li Z, Zhao R, Lu Y, Shi L, Liu J, Dong X, Xi F (2019) Aqueous synthesis of amphiphilic graphene quantum dots and their application as surfactants for preparing of fluorescent polymer microspheres. Colloids Surf A 563:77–83
Alkan C, Aksoy SA, Anayurt RA (2015) Synthesis of poly(methyl methacrylate-co-acrylic acid)/n-eicosane microcapsules for thermal comfort in textiles. Text Res J 85:2051–2058
Craig SR, Hastie GP, Roberts KJ (1996) Chain length dependent polymorphism in even number n-alkanes: line profile analysis of synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction data. J Mater Sci Lett 15:1193–1196
Zhang X-X, Fan Y-F, Tao X-M, Yick K-L (2005) Crystallization and prevention of supercooling of microencapsulated n-alkanes. J Colloid Interface Sci 281:299–306
Saha U, Jaiswal R, Singh JP, Goswami TH (2014) Diisocyanate modified graphene oxide network structure: steric effect of diisocyanates on bimolecular cross-linking degree. J Nanopart Res 16:2404
Chen Y, Zhang Q, Wen X, Yin H, Liu J (2018) A novel CNT encapsulated phase change material with enhanced thermal conductivity and photo-thermal conversion performance. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 184:82–90
Salunkhe PB, Shembekar PS (2012) A review on effect of phase change material encapsulation on the thermal performance of a system. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 16:5603–5616
Acknowledgements
This work was financially supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 2232018A3-04).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Maithya, O.M., Li, X., Feng, X. et al. Microencapsulated phase change material via Pickering emulsion stabilized by graphene oxide for photothermal conversion. J Mater Sci 55, 7731–7742 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-04499-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-04499-5