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Social Adversity and Antisocial Behavior: Mediating Effects of Autonomic Nervous System Activity

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Abstract

The display of antisocial behaviors in children and adolescents has been of interest to criminologists and developmental psychologists for years. Exposure to social adversity is a well-documented predictor of antisocial behavior. Additionally, measures of autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity, including heart rate variability (HRV), pre-ejection period (PEP), and heart rate, have been associated with antisocial behaviors including rule-breaking and aggression. Social neuroscience research has begun to investigate how neurobiological underpinnings affect the relationship between social adversity and antisocial/psychopathic behavior in children and adolescents. This study investigated the potential mediating effects of ANS activity on the relationship between social adversity and antisocial behavior in a group of 7- to 10-year-old children from the community (N = 339; 48.2% male). Moderated multiple mediation analyses revealed that low resting heart rate, but not PEP or HRV, mediated the relationship between social adversity and antisocial behavior in males only. Social adversity but not ANS measures were associated with antisocial behavior in females. Findings have implications for understanding the neural influences that underlie antisocial behavior, illustrate the importance of the social environment regarding the expression of these behaviors, and highlight essential gender differences.

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Notes

  1. Moderated multiple mediation analyses were also conducted using a composite score of antisocial behavior, derived from summing the subscale scores (externalizing behavior, ODD/CD symptoms, narcissism, impulsivity, and callous-unemotional behavior) in order to maintain consistency and comparability with Choy et al. (2015). Results were the same using the composite score.

  2. The SPSS PROCESS macro which uses bootstrapped confidence intervals to index moderated mediation is also robust to highly skewed raw data (Hayes 2015).

  3. Exploratory analyses were also conducted with a standardized antisocial behavior factor score. A factor score for antisocial behavior was constructed from standardized values of each subscale measure and entered as a dependent variable in the moderated multiple mediation model. All results were substantively the same.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development of the National Institutes of Health to Yu Gao under Award Number SC2HD076044. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. We would like to thank the Psychophysiology Lab research staff for their assistance in collecting data and the families for their participation.

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  1. Department of Psychology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY, 10016, USA

    Shawn E. Fagan & Yu Gao

  2. Department of Psychology, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, NY, 11210, USA

    Shawn E. Fagan & Yu Gao

  3. Queens College, City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY, 11367, USA

    Wei Zhang

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Fagan, S.E., Zhang, W. & Gao, Y. Social Adversity and Antisocial Behavior: Mediating Effects of Autonomic Nervous System Activity. J Abnorm Child Psychol 45, 1553–1564 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-017-0262-0

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