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Shape and size variation of Jenynsia lineata (Jenyns 1842) (Cyprinodontiformes: Anablepidae) from different coastal environments

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Abstract

A key question in ecological speciation is to understand the causes and consequences of phenotypic divergence among populations. In this work, we analyzed the body shape and size variation in Jenynsia lineata across different coastal habitats along the Atlantic coast of South America. We hypothesized that J. lineata presents morphological variations to inhabit contrasting environments and that these adaptations are sex specific. We analyzed 13 populations from five coastal habitats, using linear and geometric morphometry, and tested the correlation of body shape variation with environmental variables to understand which environmental factors may influence body shape and size variation. Jenynsia lineata showed differences in body shape and size among populations, and these differences are specific to each sex. While females showed a variation in the caudal peduncle correlated with water current, we did not find such trait variation and correlation in males. Alternatively, individuals from marine rocky pools have a convex body curvature along the dorsal profile and larger body sizes, in both sexes. With these results, we describe the shape and size morphological variation of J. lineata and discuss this uncommon habitat-dependent sexual dimorphism in a Neotropical livebearer fish.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Dr. Bruna F. Nornberg, Dr. Daiane Carrasco, Dr. Fernando Quintela and MSc. Daiana K. Garcez for the help in the field work; Dr. Madlen Stange and Dr. Rodrigo Fornel for great guidance about geometric morphometric analyses; and Dr. Gustavo E. Chiaramonte and Prof. Ricardo Ferriz for the ichthyologic collection access at Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia. This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES)—Finance Code 001 and by the Swiss Government Excellence Scholarship for Foreign Students—Switzerland.

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  1. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, PPG Biologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Avenida Itália: km 8, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil

    Giselle Xavier Perazzo & Adriana Gava

  2. Laboratório de Ictiologia e Ecologia Aquática, Universidade Federal do Acre, BR364, km 4, Campus Universitário, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil

    Fabiano Corrêa

  3. Grupo de Investigación y Conservación de Killis (GICK), Calle 122, 2324, Berisso, Argentina

    Pablo Calviño & Felipe Alonso

  4. CONICET - Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA (IBIGEO), Avenida 9 de Julho 14, 4405, Rosario De Lerma, Salta, Argentina

    Felipe Alonso

  5. Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, 4051, Basel, Switzerland

    Walter Salzburger

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  1. Giselle Xavier Perazzo
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Perazzo, G.X., Corrêa, F., Calviño, P. et al. Shape and size variation of Jenynsia lineata (Jenyns 1842) (Cyprinodontiformes: Anablepidae) from different coastal environments. Hydrobiologia 828, 21–39 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-018-3794-6

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