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Impact of long-term phosphorous fertilization on Olsen-P and grain yields in maize–wheat cropping sequence

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Abstract

Due to generally low phosphorus (P) recovery efficiency in maize–wheat cropping systems in northwest India, farmers have over-applied P fertilizers over many decades to improve crop growth and increase profitability. This practice caused a considerable part of cultivated land to have ‘very high’ (>50.0 kg P ha−1) Olsen-P values in soil. This study was aimed at finding critical concentrations of Olsen-P for maize (Zea mays L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) sequence for effective utilization of buildup P and optimal P rates for maintaining critical Olsen-P in soil in this region by utilizing one long-term (11 years) and 2 short-term (3 years) trials. Long-term studies in high Olsen-P soils showed increased P buildup with present recommended fertilizer P application rates of 26 kg ha−1 to both crops. With no P application, Olsen-P values in soils decline at rate of 3.0 kg P ha−1 year−1. For sustaining maize and wheat yields, critical concentrations of Olsen-P obtained from different statistical models (linear plateau, quadratic plateau and exponential) range from 36.7 to 50.0 kg P ha−1 for maize and 39.4–57.1 kg P ha−1 for wheat and 38 kg P ha−1 for both crops using Cate and Nelson split method. The use of Mitscherlich equation for determining the ‘effective’ P and Olsen-P requirement for getting higher yields was found to be a better method compared to above-mentioned statistical and graphical methods. Mitscherlich equation estimates the amount of P applied to achieve the desired Olsen-P levels in soil.

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Abbreviations

CC:

Critical concentration

P:

Phosphorus

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Acknowledgments

We thank the Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, for providing necessary funding for this project and Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, for providing the necessary facilities to support the research work. We thank reviewers for their valuable inputs in improving this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141 004, India

    Jagdeep Singh, Babu S. Brar, Bharpoor S. Sekhon & Manpreet S. Mavi

  2. Department of Forestry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA

    Gurbir Singh

  3. Soil, Environmental and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA

    Gurpreet Kaur

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  1. Jagdeep Singh
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Correspondence to Jagdeep Singh.

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Singh, J., Brar, B.S., Sekhon, B.S. et al. Impact of long-term phosphorous fertilization on Olsen-P and grain yields in maize–wheat cropping sequence. Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst 106, 157–168 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-016-9796-8

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