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Mitigation of yield-scaled greenhouse gas emissions in subtropical paddy rice under alternative irrigation systems

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Abstract

Flood irrigated rice accounts for 20 % of all agricultural methane (CH4) emissions in Southern Brazil. In this study, the potential of intermittent irrigation regimes [viz., intermittent irrigation (II), sparse intermittent irrigation (SII) and frequent intermittent irrigation (FII)] for mitigating yield-scaled CH4 and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions was evaluated in relation to continuous flood irrigation (CF) in the subtropical region of Brazil. Irrigation regimes were evaluated for two growing seasons (GS’s), where II was evaluated in GS-1 and SII and FII in GS-2. In relation to CF, the intermittent irrigation reduced season CH4 emissions by 47 % in GS-1 and 85 and 71 % for SII and FII in GS-2, respectively. Although the intermittent irrigation significantly increased N2O emissions, they reduced the partial global warming potential (pGWP = CH4 × 25 + N2O × 298) by 37 % (GS-1) and 70 % (GS-2) with respect to CF. For each day without a standing water layer on the soil surface, pGWP was reduced linearly by 249 kg CO2-eq ha−1. Considering the water regimes did not affect rice yield (mean of 11,910 kg ha−1 for GS-1 and 10,638 kg ha−1 for GS-2), the intermittent irrigation regimes led to significantly lower yield-scaled pGWP values (0.19–0.57 kg CO2-eq kg−1 grain) compared to CF (0.8 kg CO2-eq kg−1 grain on average with GS-1 and GS-2). Our results show that intermittent irrigation provides an effective strategy for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions from irrigated subtropical Brazilian rice systems, without any negative impact on rice productivity.

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Acknowledgments

This research was funded by the Brazilian Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) and the Foundation for Research Support of Rio Grande do Sul State (Fapergs). The authors thank the staff at IRGA (V. R. M. Macedo, C. Petry and J. F. Rodrigues), and J. Gomes, whose help and support were essential to complete this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Soil Science and Graduate Program on Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000, Brazil

    Tiago Zschornack, Carla Machado da Rosa, Gabriel Munhoz Pedroso & Cimélio Bayer

  2. Rio Grandense Rice Institute, Cachoeirinha, RS, 90230-140, Brazil

    Elio Marcolin & Paulo Regis Ferreira da Silva

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  1. Tiago Zschornack
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  2. Carla Machado da Rosa
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  3. Gabriel Munhoz Pedroso
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  4. Elio Marcolin
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  5. Paulo Regis Ferreira da Silva
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  6. Cimélio Bayer
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Correspondence to Cimélio Bayer.

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Zschornack, T., da Rosa, C.M., Pedroso, G.M. et al. Mitigation of yield-scaled greenhouse gas emissions in subtropical paddy rice under alternative irrigation systems. Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst 105, 61–73 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-016-9775-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-016-9775-0

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