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Occurrence of viruses infecting melon in Xinjiang of China and molecular characterization of Watermelon mosaic virus isolates

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Abstract

Cucurbit viruses have been associated with important economic losses in Xinjiang of China. Therefore, a comprehensive survey and sample collection was performed during the 2013 and 2014 growing seasons from the major melon-growing locations in Xinjiang which is the largest area for melon production in China. Samples were analyzed using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV), Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV), Squash mosaic virus (SqMV), Tomato ringspot virus (ToRSV), Moroccan watermelon mosaic virus (MWMV), Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), Watermelon silver mottle virus (WSMoV), Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV), and Zucchini yellow fleck virus (ZYFV). We collected 492 melon samples with virus-like symptoms. Out of these, 94.5 % of the samples were infected by at least one of these viruses. WMV was the most prevalent virus detected. WMV, CMV, and ZYMV were detected in 77.0 %, 60.0 %, and 41.1 % of infected samples, respectively, and the infection rate of these three viruses changed significantly among melon cultivars. Other viruses analysed were not detected in any sample tested. The number of multiple infections was high (average 57.2 %), with the most common double infection WMV + CMV (17.8 %), closely followed by WMV + ZYMV (14.4 %). Statistical analysis of the potential association among viruses showed that there was a strong association between several viruses for multiple infections. An analysis of WMV genetic diversity suggested that all isolates obtained in this study clustered into group A and that purifying selection was restricting variability in the population.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Funding of China (31060148, 31260258), the Innovative Project of Xinjiang University, China (XJUBSCX-2012025). We thank Zi-Qiang Zhang and Hao Lu (College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, China) for help with the sample collection.

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  1. College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, No. 14 Sheng Li Road, Urumqi, 830046, China

    Dong Wang, Guan Li & Shan Shan Du

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  1. Dong Wang
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  2. Guan Li
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  3. Shan Shan Du
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Correspondence to Guan Li.

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This study was funded by the National Natural Science Funding of China (31060148, 31260258), the Innovative Project of Xinjiang University, China (XJUBSCX-2012025).

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Supplementary Table 1

List of the representative Watermelon mosaic virus isolates from GenBank used for phylogenetic analysis of the complete coat protein sequences (DOCX 15 kb)

Supplementary Fig. 1

Virus-like symptoms observed in different melon-growing locations in Xinjiang of China. (a) mild mosaic, (b) moderate mosaic, (c) severe mosaic, (d) local necrosis, (e) obvious malformation of leaves, (f) severe blistering and mosaic without deformation of leaves and (g) severe blistering and mosaic with obvious deformation of leaves (JPG 3192 kb)

Supplementary Fig. 2

One weed species Sophora alopecuroides with virus-like symptoms. (a) The naturally infected plant showing virus-like symptoms and (b) healthy plant (JPG 1616 kb)

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Wang, D., Li, G. & Du, S.S. Occurrence of viruses infecting melon in Xinjiang of China and molecular characterization of Watermelon mosaic virus isolates. Eur J Plant Pathol 147, 919–931 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-016-1060-1

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