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Control of plant diseases by natural products: Allicin from garlic as a case study

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Abstract

This review aims to increase awareness of the potential for developing plant protection strategies based on natural products. Selected examples of commercial successes are given and recent data from our own laboratory using allicin from garlic are presented. The volatile antimicrobial substance allicin (diallylthiosulphinate) is produced in garlic when the tissues are damaged and the substrate alliin (S-allyl-l-cysteine sulphoxide) mixes with the enzyme alliin-lyase (E.C.4.4.1.4). Allicin is readily membrane-permeable and undergoes thiol-disulphide exchange reactions with free thiol groups in proteins. It is thought that these properties are the basis of its antimicrobial action. We tested the effectiveness of garlic juice against a range of plant pathogenic bacteria, fungi and oomycetes in vitro. Allicin effectively controlled seed-borne Alternaria spp. in carrot, Phytophthora leaf blight of tomato and tuber blight of potato as well as Magnaporthe on rice and downy mildew of Arabidopsis. In Arabidopsis the reduction in disease was apparently due to a direct action against the pathogen since no accumulation of salicylic acid (a marker for systemic acquired resistance, SAR) was observed after treatment with garlic extract. We see a potential for developing preparations from garlic for use in organic farming, e.g. for reducing the pathogen inoculum potential in planting material such as seeds and tubers. We have tested various encapsulation formulations in comparison to direct treatment.

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Acknowledgements

We are indebted to the kindness of the following people in providing accurate information and helpful comments on various parts of the manuscript: Charlie Delp, Jean-Luc Genet, Harvey Loux, David Morgan, Phil Russell, Nikolaus Schlaich.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, 52056, Aachen, Germany

    Alan J. Slusarenko & Daniela Portz

  2. Institute of Technology und Biosystems Engineering, Federal Agricultural Research Centre (FAL), 38116, Braunschweig, Germany

    Anant Patel

Authors
  1. Alan J. Slusarenko
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  2. Anant Patel
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  3. Daniela Portz
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Correspondence to Alan J. Slusarenko.

Additional information

Note added in proof: The complete chemical synthesis of azadirachtin has now been achieved. Nature (2007) 448: 630–631

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Slusarenko, A.J., Patel, A. & Portz, D. Control of plant diseases by natural products: Allicin from garlic as a case study. Eur J Plant Pathol 121, 313–322 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-007-9232-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-007-9232-7

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