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Risk of lung cancer and physical activity by smoking status and body mass index, the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study

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Abstract

We aimed to investigate physical activity (PA) and risk of different histological subtypes of lung cancer according to smoking status and body mass index using repeated measurements in a large cohort of women in Norway. The study sample for the multiple imputation analyses consisted of 86,499 and for the complete-case analysis 80,802 women. Repeated measurements of PA level, smoking habits, weight, and height were available for 54,691 women (63.2%), who were included in repeated measurement analyses combined with multiple imputation to address attrition. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals. During a median follow-up of 12.9 years, 866 cases of primary lung cancer were identified. We found an inverse association between PA and lung cancer overall. The results were consistent from multiple imputed data analysis to complete-case analysis of PA and possible confounders. We observed a similar trend for adenocarcinoma, but not for squamous cell or small cell carcinomas. Our findings suggest a more pronounced association between lung cancer overall and PA levels in current and former smokers, and in normal-weight and overweight participants with increasing PA levels. The potential of a modifiable lifestyle factor as PA to reduce the risk of lung cancer independently of smoking status is important in public health.

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Funding

This project received financial support from the Norwegian Extra Foundation for Health and Rehabilitation through EXTRA funds, Grant No. 2012/2/0048-1220048001.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsö, Norway

    Kristin Benjaminsen Borch, Elisabete Weiderpass, Tonje Braaten, Merethe Selnes Hansen & Idlir Licaj

  2. Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

    Elisabete Weiderpass

  3. Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway

    Elisabete Weiderpass

  4. Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    Elisabete Weiderpass

  5. Department of Clinical Research, François Baclesse Cancer Centre, Caen, France

    Idlir Licaj

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  1. Kristin Benjaminsen Borch
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Correspondence to Kristin Benjaminsen Borch.

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Borch, K.B., Weiderpass, E., Braaten, T. et al. Risk of lung cancer and physical activity by smoking status and body mass index, the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study. Eur J Epidemiol 34, 489–498 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-018-0446-0

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