Abstract
Widespread soil contamination with oil and the toxicity of petroleum hydrocarbons to soil biota make it extremely important to study microbial responses to oil stress. Soil metabolites reflect the main metabolic pathways in the soil microbial community. The examination of changes in the soil metabolic profile and metabolic function is essential for a better understanding of the nature of the pollution and restoration of the disturbed soils. The present study aimed to assess the long-term effect of oil on the ecological state of the soil, evaluate quantitative and qualitative differences in metabolite composition between soil contaminated with oil and non-contaminated soil, and reveal biologically active metabolites that are related to oil contamination and can be used for contamination assessment. A long-term field experiment was conducted to examine the effects of various oil concentrations on the biochemical properties and metabolic profile of the soil. Podzolic soil contaminated with oil demonstrated the long-term inhibition of soil biological activity and vegetation. Oil affected the metabolic activity of soil fungi increasing the production of toxic metabolites. A metabolomic approach was employed to determine soil metabolites. The metabolite profile was found to vary greatly between oil-contaminated and non-contaminated soils. Carbohydrates had the largest number of metabolites negatively affected by oil, while the content of organic acids, phenolic compounds, and terpenoids was mainly increased in oil-contaminated soil. The evaluation of the long-term impact of oil on microbial metabolism can make a valuable contribution to the assessment of soil quality and the activity of soil microorganisms being under stress from oil pollution. The results contribute to a further understanding of the role of microorganisms in the ecological functions of contaminated soil, which can be useful in the development of rehabilitation strategies for disturbed sites.
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The authors acknowledge the financial support from the RSF. We are grateful to the staffs of Laboratory of Methods for Remediation of Technogenic Landscapes for their assistance in the annual field sample collection.
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This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (RSF) (Grant No. 22-24-00580).
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YP and LB contributed to the conceptualization of the study and analysis of results; YP, LB, NM, MC, KY, and AS contributed to the laboratory measurements; YP, LB, KY, NB, and AS contributed to methodology of the study; YP prepared the manuscript which was reviewed by all authors.
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Polyak, Y.M., Bakina, L.G., Mayachkina, N.V. et al. Long-term effects of oil contamination on soil quality and metabolic function. Environ Geochem Health 46, 13 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-023-01779-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-023-01779-2