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Advent of sheet flow in suction affected alluvial channels

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Abstract

The presence of suction (flow of water from channel to ground water) affects the channel hydrodynamics and increases the bed shear stress. At high bed shear stress in alluvial channels made of the non-cohesive material, sediment transport occurs as sheet flow layer of high sediment concentration. The sediment transport in the form of sheet flow has been observed in the present study when suction was applied to the non-transporting channels designed on incipient motion condition. The erosion of the channel banks contributed to the sheet flow because of the increased channel bed shear stress. An empirical relation for the thickness of sheet flow layer has been developed which includes suction as independent parameter along with others.

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Abbreviations

σ g :

Gradation coefficient

d 50 :

Median particle diameter

ϕ degree:

Angle of repose (dry)

Q 0 :

Main channel discharge

q s :

Seepage discharge

y :

Flow depth of the channel

u :

Mean flow velocity

B :

Top width of the channel

S 0 :

Bed slope

S fs :

Friction slope of spatially varied flow

A :

Cross-sectional area of channel

θ c :

Critical Shields parameter

R*:

Shear Reynolds number

S w :

Water surface slope

u* :

Shear velocity

u s :

Average velocity of flow with seepage

Q s :

Average discharge with seepage

q s :

Seepage discharge over the reach length L

X :

Distance from the tail gate

F 0 and F s :

Froude number with no seepage and seepage condition

R hs :

Hydraulic radius with seepage

p s :

Wetted perimeter with seepage

S ws :

Water surface slope with seepage

V s :

Seepage velocity through the sand bed of length L

τ s :

Bed shear stress for seepage experiment

τ bs and τ cs :

Bed shear stress and critical shear stress under seepage condition

S fo :

Friction slope under no seepage conditions

τ 0 :

Bed shear stress under no seepage conditions

R h0 :

Hydraulic radius under no seepage conditions

A 0 :

Cross-sectional under no seepage conditions

p 0 :

Wetted perimeter under no seepage conditions

θ :

Shields parameter

N :

Seepage intensity parameter

M :

Parameter in Eq. (2.17)

τ c0 and τ cs :

Critical shear stress under no seepage and seepage condition

y 0 and y s :

Depth of flow under no seepage and seepage condition

u 0 and u s :

Mean velocity under no seepage and Seepage condition

β :

Channel shape parameter

x :

Lateral horizontal distance from the center of the channel

Δ:

Thickness of the sheet flow layer

ρ S :

Dry density of the sediments

ρ :

Density of the fluid

δ :

Dimensionless sheet thickness

γ s and γ :

Specific weight of sediment particles and water

ν :

Kinematic viscosity of water

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support that was received from the Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India (SERC-DST: SR/S3/MERC/005/2010) to carry out the research work presented in this paper.

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  1. Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, India

    Vishal Deshpande & Bimlesh Kumar

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Deshpande, V., Kumar, B. Advent of sheet flow in suction affected alluvial channels. Environ Fluid Mech 16, 25–44 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10652-015-9409-0

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