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Population genetics and distribution data reveal conservation concerns to the sky island endemic Pithecopus megacephalus (Anura, Phyllomedusidae)

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Abstract

Pithecopus megacephalus is a reticulated monkey–frog species endemic to the highlands of the Espinhaço Mountain Range in southeastern Brazil, an important centre of endemism in South America. This species has a discontinuous distribution and is considered “data-deficient” by the IUCN Red List, raising concerns about its conservation. Understanding the historical dynamics and connectivity of P. megacephalus populations can provide guidelines for preservation of this species in the wild. To investigate the population dynamics of P. megacephalus, we obtained multilocus DNA data for 55 individuals from different locations along the species’ known distribution. Spatial population structure, genetic diversity and demographic parameters were evaluated using population genetic and phylogeographical tools. We also evaluated its extent of occurrence and area of occupancy to investigate extinction risk of this species. We found genetic structure along P. megacephalus’ spatial distribution in the South Espinhaço Mountain Range corresponding to three population groups: northern, central and southern. Our results could provide important data on geographic distribution and population dynamics for a Data Deficient species. Therefore, we suggest these population data, together with the species’ limited occurrence in sky island environments could be used for a more accurate classification of P. megacephalus in the IUCN list, and conservation strategies for the species should be planned accordingly.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Felipe Sá Fortes Leite, Laila Mascarenhas Pimenta, Camila Rabelo Rievers, Francisco Fonseca Ribeiro de Oliveira, and all institutions (cited above) for providing tissues and information for this study. We also thank to Alejandro Moliterno Vanerio and Vincenzo Alexander Ellis for reviewing the English. This research was funded by the Brazilian agencies FAPEMIG (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais), Fundação o Boticário de Proteção à Natureza, CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico), and CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior) (Grant PROTAX 440665/2015-9). EKSR and RFM acknowledge CAPES for their graduate level fellowships. EHRS was funded by a CAPES-PNPD fellowship. AHBR acknowledges CNPq for post-graduate fellowships (130314/2016-1). FRS and PCAG are supported by CNPq research fellowships. Finally, we thanks two anonymous reviewers for valuable suggestions that improved this manuscript.

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  1. Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil

    Elisa Karen Silva Ramos, Eloisa Helena Reis Sari, Augusto Henrique Batista Rosa & Fabrício Rodrigues Santos

  2. Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil

    Rafael Félix de Magalhães & Paulo Christiano Anchietta Garcia

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Ramos, E.K.S., de Magalhães, R.F., Sari, E.H.R. et al. Population genetics and distribution data reveal conservation concerns to the sky island endemic Pithecopus megacephalus (Anura, Phyllomedusidae). Conserv Genet 19, 99–110 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-017-1013-z

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