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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: determinants of residential carpet dust levels and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma

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Abstract

Purpose

To investigate the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) associated with residential carpet dust measurements of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).

Methods

We evaluated the relationship between residential carpet dust PAH concentrations (benz(a)anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, chrysene, dibenz(a,h)anthracene, and indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene, and their sum) and risk of NHL (676 cases, 511 controls) in the National Cancer Institute Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results multicenter case–control study. As a secondary aim, we investigated determinants of dust PAH concentrations. We computed odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) for associations between NHL and concentrations of individual and summed PAHs using unconditional logistic regression, adjusting for age, gender, and study center. Determinants of natural log-transformed PAHs were investigated using multivariate least-squares regression.

Results

We observed some elevated risks for NHL overall and B cell lymphoma subtypes in association with quartiles or tertiles of PAH concentrations, but without a monotonic trend, and there was no association comparing the highest quartile or tertile to the lowest. In contrast, risk of T cell lymphoma was significantly increased among participants with the highest tertile of summed PAHs (OR = 3.04; 95 % CI, 1.09–8.47) and benzo(k)fluoranthene (OR = 3.20; 95 % CI, 1.13–9.11) compared with the lowest tertile. Predictors of PAH dust concentrations in homes included ambient air PAH concentrations and the proportion of developed land within 2 km of a residence. Older age, more years of education, and white race were also predictive of higher levels in homes.

Conclusion

Our results suggest a potential link between PAH exposure and risk of T cell lymphoma and demonstrate the importance of analyzing risk by NHL histologic type.

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Acknowledgments

This study was funded by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute and contracts N01-CN-67008, N01-CN-67010, N01-PC-65064, N01-PC-67009, N02-CP-19114, and N02-CP-71105.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), 9609 Medical Center Dr, Room 6E138 MSC 9771, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA

    Curt T. DellaValle, Rena R. Jones, Joanne S. Colt & Mary H. Ward

  2. Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA

    Nicole C. Deziel

  3. Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Drexel University School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Anneclaire J. De Roos

  4. Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA

    James R. Cerhan

  5. University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Wendy Cozen

  6. Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA

    Richard K. Severson

  7. Westat Inc., Rockville, MD, USA

    Abigail R. Flory

  8. Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA

    Lindsay M. Morton

Authors
  1. Curt T. DellaValle
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  2. Nicole C. Deziel
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  3. Rena R. Jones
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  5. Anneclaire J. De Roos
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  6. James R. Cerhan
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  7. Wendy Cozen
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  10. Lindsay M. Morton
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  11. Mary H. Ward
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mary H. Ward.

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DellaValle, C.T., Deziel, N.C., Jones, R.R. et al. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: determinants of residential carpet dust levels and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Cancer Causes Control 27, 1–13 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-015-0660-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-015-0660-y

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