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Spatiotemporal association between the mite Brevipalpus yothersi and Citrus leprosis virus C in orange orchards

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Abstract

Citrus leprosis virus C (CiLV-C) is an economically important pathogen and the main causative agent of leprosis disease in citrus orchards. The main vector of this disease, the mite Brevipalpus yothersi, is widely distributed in Mexican orchards on a wide range of citrus species. Despite the importance of both the virus and the mite, field studies recording their occurrence and co-occurrence are practically non-existent. We systematically sampled orange orchards for both CiLV-C and B. yothersi throughout the year. The distribution of the CiLV-C and B. yothersi was evaluated on each sampling occasion and their spatiotemporal associations were determined. Specifically, 100–112 orange trees, distributed in 18 rows (five or six trees per row), were sampled monthly between March 2017 and February 2018 (11 sampling dates). Twenty leaves per tree were sampled on each occasion. The number of mites per tree and the percentage of leaves per tree with disease symptoms were recorded. On each sampling occasion, spatiotemporal associations between mites and disease were determined using the Spatial Analysis by Distance Indices (SADIE) method. CiLV-C and B. yothersi were identified using molecular methods. Throughout the study, the distribution of CiLV-C was aggregated and the distribution of B. yothersi was random. No association was found between the virus and the mite on any of the sampling dates. In total, 173 mites were collected, but only 43 mites were found to be carrying CiLV-C. The reason for this lack of association between the virus and the mite, as well as the impact of our findings on the epidemiology of the disease in orange orchards, are discussed.

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Acknowledgements

RGC received a scholarship from CONACyT-Mexico for his MSc studies. This research is part of the project: ‘Distribución y rango de hospedantes del virus de la Leprosis de los cítricos, citoplasmático y nuclear, y su relación con la especie del ácaro vector: información para determinar el riesgo de dispersión del virus y generar una propuesta de manejo y contención’. The Crop Protection Committee of the state of Chiapas, Mexico (Grant No. PM16-1078) funded this project. The authors are grateful with Mr. Juan Martínez Bautista for allowing us to use his orange orchard for this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Posgrado en Fitosanidad-Entomología y Acarología, Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Km 36.5 Carretera México-Texcoco, 56230, Montecillo, Estado de México, Mexico

    R. Gómez-Mercado, M. T. Santillán-Galicia & A. W. Guzmán-Franco

  2. Posgrado en Fitosanidad-Fitopatología, Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Km 36.5 Carretera México-Texcoco, 56230, Montecillo, Estado de México, Mexico

    G. Valdovinos-Ponce

  3. Posgrado en Genética, Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Km 36.5 Carretera México-Texcoco, 56230, Montecillo, Estado de México, Mexico

    E. A. Becerril-Román

  4. Campañas de Prioridad Nacional, Directión General de Sanidad Vegetal, Anillo Periférico, 5010, Insurgentes Cuicuilco, 04530, Ciudad de México, Mexico

    P. L. Robles-García

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  1. R. Gómez-Mercado
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  2. M. T. Santillán-Galicia
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Correspondence to M. T. Santillán-Galicia.

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Gómez-Mercado, R., Santillán-Galicia, M.T., Guzmán-Franco, A.W. et al. Spatiotemporal association between the mite Brevipalpus yothersi and Citrus leprosis virus C in orange orchards. Exp Appl Acarol 79, 69–86 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-019-00409-w

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