Skip to main content
Log in

External morphological anomalies in ixodid ticks from Thrace, Turkey

  • Published:
Experimental and Applied Acarology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Of 18,667 ticks examined, 33 specimens from species identified as Haemaphysalis parva, Hyalomma marginatum, Hy. scupense, Rhipicephalus bursa and Rh. turanicus were found to have external morphological anomalies. Anomalous Ha. parva, Hy. scupence and Rh. turanicus were reported in this study for the first time. General anomalies manifested as asymmetry and deformations of the idiosoma, whereas local anomalies occurred in legs, exoskeleton, spiracular, adanal, subanal and accessory plates, mouthparts and capitulum. With this study describing a gynandromorphic Hy. marginatum, the number of gynandromorphic tick cases has been raised to two in Turkey.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alekseev AN, Jensen PM, Dubinina HV, Smirnova LA, Makrouchina NA, Zharkov SD (2000) Peculiarities of behaviour of taiga (Ixodes persulcatus) and sheep (Ixodes ricinus) ticks (Acarina: Ixodidae) determined by different methods. Folia Parasitol 47:147–153

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Alekseev AN, Dubinina HV, Jääskeläinen AE, Vapalahti O, Vaheri A (2007) First report on tick-borne pathogens and exoskeletal anomalies in Ixodes persulcatus Schulze (Acari: Ixodidae) collected in Kokkola coastal region, Finland. Int J Acarol 33:253–258

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alekseev AN, Dubinina HV, Zygutieni M, Efremova GA (2008) Ticks and other blood sucking arthropods as urban pests inside and outside dwellings. In: Robinson WH, Bajomi D (eds) Proceedings of the sixth international conference on urban pests, Printed by OOK-Press Kft., H-8200 Veszprém, Pápaiút 37/a, Hungary, pp 361–365

  • Balazuc J (1948) La tératologie des Coléopteresetexpériences de transplantation sur Tenebrio molitor L. Memoires du Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle Paris, n. S. 25:1–293

    Google Scholar 

  • Belozerov VN (2003) Effect of juvenoids and retinoic acid on the development or larva and nymphs of the tick Ixodes ricinus L. (Acari: Ixodidae) and regeneration of Haller’s organ during metamorphosis. Ontogenez 34(1):50–60

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Belozerov VN (2004) Effect of methoprene and retinoic acid on characteristics of Haller’s organ regeneration in the tick Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari, Ixodidae). Ontogenez 35(3):213–219

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Belozerov VN, Leonovich SA (1995) Pathways of regeneration of Haller’s sensory organ during the life cycle of the tick Hyalomma asiaticum. J Exp Zool 271(3):196–204

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Belozerov VN, Van Niekerk DJ, Butler HJB (2003) Population structure of Argas arboreus (Acari: Argasidae) ticks associated with seasonally abandoned mixed heronries, dominated by cattle egrets (Bubulcus ibis), in South Africa. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 70:325–330

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Buczek A (1988) Studies on the biology of Argas (A.) reflexus (Fabricius, 1794) (Acari: Ixodida: Argasidae). I. Effect of temperature and relative humidity on embryonic development and egg hatch. Folia Biol 36:239–264

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buczek A (1991) Influence of high relative humidity on course of embryonic development and egg hatch of Argas (A.) reflexus (Fabricius, 1794) (Acari: Ixodida: Argasidae). Z Angew Zool 4:339–443

    Google Scholar 

  • Buczek A (1993) Influence of iodine compounds on embryogenesis of Argas (A.) reflexus (Fabricius, 1794) (Acari: Ixodida: Argasidae). Acta Parasitol 38:41–43

    Google Scholar 

  • Buczek A (1995) Teratological changes complicating taxonomical studies of ticks (Acari: Ixodida). Wiad Parazytol 41(3):289–304

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Buczek A (2000) Experimental teratogeny in the tick Hyalomma marginatum marginatum (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae): effect of high humidity on embryonic development. J Med Entomol 37(6):807–814

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Buczek A, Siuda K, Alsied S (1991) Morphological anomalies in ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) collected from nature. Wiad Parazytol 37:31–34

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Buczek A, Stanisławek IM, Bartosik K, Kruk T, Olszewski T (2004) Local anomalies in ticks larvae (Acari: Ixodida). Wiad Parazyto 50(2):295–301

    Google Scholar 

  • Buczek A, Bartosik K, Kuczyński P (2013) Evaluation of the effect of various concentrations of selected pyrethroids on the development of Dermacentor reticulates eggs and larvae. Ann Agric Environ Med 20(3):447–451

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Caeiro VMP, Simões AJMDL (1990) Teratological phenomena in ticks in portugal. Revista Portuguesa De Ciencias Veterinarias 85(495):122–134

    Google Scholar 

  • Campana-Rouget Y (1959) La tératologie des tiques. Ann Parasitol Hum Comp 34:209–260

    Google Scholar 

  • Dergousoff SJ, Chilton NB (2007) Abnormal morphology of an adult Rocky Mountain wood tick, Dermacentor andersoni (Acari: Ixodidae). J Parasitol 93(3):708–709

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Estrada-Peña A (2001) Abnormal development of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Ixodidae). Exp Appl Acarol 25:757–761

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Estrada-Peña A, Bouattour A, Camicas JL, Walker AR (2004) Ticks of domestic animals in the Mediterranean region. A guide of identification of species. University of Zaragoza Press, Zaragoza, p 131

    Google Scholar 

  • Feldman-Muhsam B (1950) On some abnormalities in Hyalomma savignyi. Parasitology 40:93–95

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gargili A, Kar S, Yilmazer N, Cerit C, Sonmez G, Sahin F, Gunseli Alp H, Vatansever Z (2010) Evaluation of ticks biting humans in Thrace Province, Turkey. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg 16(Suppl-A):141–146

    Google Scholar 

  • Guglielmone AA, Castella J, Mangold AJ, Estrada-Peña A, Viñabal AE (1999) Phenotypic anomalies in a collection of Neotropical ticks Ixodidae. Acarologia 40(2):127–132

    Google Scholar 

  • Haarløv N (1962) Variation in the ixodid tick, Ixodes arboricola Schulze & Schlottke 1929. Parasitology 52:425–439

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Juberthie-Jupeau L (1969) Action tératogéne de la temperature surl’embryon de Glomerismarginata (Villers) (Myriapodes, Diplopodes). Memoires du Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle Paris 41(Suppl. 2):79–84

    Google Scholar 

  • Keskin A, Bursali A, Tekin S (2012) A case of gynandromorphism in Hyalomma marginatum Koch, 1844 (Acari: Ixodidae). J Parasitol 98(6):1271–1272

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kittler RA (2011) The effects of heavy metal pollution on the morphology and behavior of the blacklegged tick (Ixodes scapularis) in the Northeastern United States. Senior Projects Spring 2011. Paper 313. http://digitalcommons.bard.edu/senproj_s2011/313

  • Labruna MB, Homem VSF, Heinemann MB, Neto JSF (2000) A case of gynandromorphism in Amblyomma oblongoguttatum (Acari: Ixodidae). J Med Entomol 37:777–779

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Labruna MB, Riberio AF, Cruz MV, Camargo LM, Camargo EP (2002) Gynandromorphism in Amblyomma cajennense and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae). J Parasitol 88:810–811

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Laptev VI (1963) Biology of Haemaphysalis neumanni Donitz, 1905 (Parthenogenesis). Trud Gos Inst Eksp Vet 28:129–136

    Google Scholar 

  • Latif AA, Dhadialla TS, Newson RM (1988) Abnormal development of Amblyomma variegatum (Acarina: Ixodidae). J Med Entomol 25(2):142–143

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leonovich SA, Belozerov VN (2004) Regeneration of Haller’s sensory organ in two species of hard ticks of the genus Haemaphysalis Acari: Ixodidae. Exp Appl Acarol 33(1/2):131–144

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leśniewska M, Bonato L, Fusco G (2009) Morphological anomalies in a Polish population of Stigmatogaster subterranea (Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha): a multi-year survey. Soil Organisms 81(3):347–358

    Google Scholar 

  • Madej G, Karbowiak G, Buczek A (2004) Morphological anomaly in Laelaps agilis C. L. Koch, 1836 sensu Karg, 1971 (Mesostigmata, Acari) collected from nature. Stawonogi. In: Buczek A, Błaszak C (eds) Interakcjepasożyt-żywiciel, I edn. Liber, Lublin, pp 29–33

    Google Scholar 

  • Mąkol J, Łaydanowicz J (2006) Morphological abnormalities in terrestrial Parasitengona mites (Acari: Actinotrichida). Biol Lett 43(2):131–143

    Google Scholar 

  • Nowak-Chmura M (2012) Teratological changes in tick morphology in ticks feeding on exotic reptiles. J Natl Hist 46(15–16):911–921

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nuttall GHF (1914) Tick abnormalities. Parasitology 7(3):250–257

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Obenchain FD, Oliver JH (1972) Abnormalities of leg regeneration in Argas radiatus (Acari: Argasidae). J Ga Entomol Soc 7(3):204–208

    Google Scholar 

  • Oliver JH, Delfin ED (1967) Gynandromorphism in Dermacentor occidentalis (Acari: Ixodidae). Ann Entomol Soc Am 60(5):1119–1121

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson GG (1944) More cases of abnormal development in the Argasid tick, Ornithodorus moubata Murray. Parasitology 36(1–2):95–97

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sakla AA, Salit AM, Khalifa R (1980) Abnormal development in the tick Boophilus annulatus (Say, 1821) (Acarina, Ixodidae) in Assiut Province, Egypt. Acta Parasitol Pol 27(24):221–225

    Google Scholar 

  • Siuda K (1981) Investigations on the biology of the tick Argas (Argas) polonicus Siuda, Hoogstraal, Clifford et Wassef, 1979 (Acarina: Ixodides: Argasidae). 3. Effect of temperature and relative humidity on embryonic development and egg hatch. Folia Biol 29:9–39

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Siuda K, Nowak M, Kowalczyk M, Górz A, Piksa K, Szilman P, Karbowiak G (2006) Advances in polish acarology. In: Gabry´s G, Ignatowicz S (eds) Warszawa: SGGW: case of anomalies of ticks collected from natural environment (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae), pp 304–311

  • Templin J, Napiórkowska T (2013) Biometric studies on oligomelic individuals of the spider Tegenaria atrica (Arthropoda, Arachnida). Zool Pol 58:1–10

    Google Scholar 

  • Tovornik D (1987) Teratological forms of ixodid ticks. Bioloski Vestnik 35:91–100

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker AR, Bouattour A, Camicas JL, Estrada-Peña A, Horak IG, Latif AA, Pegram RG, Preston PM (2003) Ticks of domestic animals in Africa. A guide to identification of species. Bioscience Reports, Scotland

  • Zharkov SD, Dubinina HV, Alekseev AN, Jensen PM (2000) Anthropogenic pressure and changes in Ixodes tick populations in the Baltic region of Russia and Denmark. Acarina 8(2):137–141

    Google Scholar 

  • Žygutienė M, Alekseev A, Dubinina H, Kazlauskienė R (2008) Evidence for a risk of tick-borne infection in the city parks of Vilnius, Lithuania. Ekologija 54(1):40–43

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sirri Kar.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kar, S., Akyildiz, G., Yilmazer, N. et al. External morphological anomalies in ixodid ticks from Thrace, Turkey. Exp Appl Acarol 67, 457–466 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-015-9948-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-015-9948-6

Keywords

Navigation