Skip to main content
Log in

Steepest descent opportunistic MIMO radar: spectrum sharing design

  • Published:
Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Opportunistic radar appeared recently as a solution for opening more spectrum for future radar applications. Opportunistic radar harnesses spectrum opportunities and transmits without causing intermittent interference to incumbent applications. We propose a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar pre-coder design that enables spectrum sharing with long-term-evolution (LTE) base stations. In the proposed design, pre-coder settings are configured continuously using a steepest descent (SD) approach given certain interference constraints. The presented designs have lower computational complexity compared to other designs proposed in literature. We construct the SD based MIMO radar and analyze its performance.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. This work has been presented partially in WInnComm’16 conference [11].

  2. A similar concept in now available in the 32 GHz band.

  3. In this work, we consider a colocated MIMO radar in which the radar transmit and receive elements are close to one another.

  4. Biased estimators might result in lower estimation error than CRLB.

References

  1. 3GPP. (2015). Evolved universal terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA) physical channels and modulation, TS 36.211.

  2. Abdelhadi, A., & Clancy, T. C. (2016). Network MIMO with partial cooperation between radar and cellular systems. In Proceedings of the IEEE ICNC’16 conference (pp. 1–5).

  3. Babaei, A., Tranter, W. H., & Bose, T. (2013). A nullspace-based precoder with subspace expansion for radar/communications coexistence. In Proceedings of Globcom13 conference (pp. 3487–3492).

  4. Babaei, A., Tranter, W. H., & Bose, T. (2013). A practical precoding approach for radar/communications spectrum sharing. In Proceedings of CROWNCOM’13 conference (pp. 13–18).

  5. Bekkerman, I., & Tabrikian, J. (2006). Target detection and localization using MIMO radars and sonars. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 54(10), 3873–3883. doi:10.1109/TSP.2006.879267.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Bica, M., Huang, K. W., Mitra, U., & Koivunen, V. (2015). Opportunistic radar waveform design in joint radar and cellular communication systems. In Proceedings of IEEE Globcom’13 conference (pp. 1–7).

  7. Geng, Z., Deng, H., & Himed, B. (2015). Adaptive radar beamforming for interference mitigation in radar-wireless spectrum sharing. IEEE Signal Processing Letters, 22(4), 484–488.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Ghorbanzadeh, M., Visotsky, E., Moorut, P., Yang, W., & Clancy, C. (2015). Radar inband and out-of-band interference into lTE macro and small cell uplinks in the 3.5 GHz band. In 2015 IEEE wireless communications and networking conference (WCNC) (pp. 1829–1834).

  9. Hawkins, J. M. (1997). An opportunistic bistatic radar. In Proceedings of the IET Radar’ 97 conference (pp. 318–322). doi:10.1049/cp:19971687

  10. Hirzallah, M., & Bose, T. (2015). Interference control in the coexistence of radar and communications systems. In Proceedings of the WInnComm’15 conference (pp. 235–242).

  11. Hirzallah, M., & Bose, T. (2016). Co-existence of MIMO radar and communications systems: Real-time interference control. In Proceedings of the WInnComm’16 conference (pp 114–118).

  12. Kalluri, S., & Arce, G. (1999). A general class of nonlinear normalized adaptive filtering algorithms. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 47(8), 2262–2272. doi:10.1109/78.774769.

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  13. Khawar, A., Abdelhadi, A., & Clancy, T. C. (2016). Coexistence analysis between radar and cellular system in LoS channel. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 15, 972–975.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Kocaman, I. (2008). Distributed beam forming in a swarm UAV network. Master’s thesis, Naval Postgraduate School.

  15. Li, B., Petropulu, A., & Trappe, W. (2016). Optimum co-design for spectrum sharing between matrix completion based MIMO radars and a MIMO communication system. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 64(17), 4562–4572.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  16. Li, J., & Stoica, P. (2009). MIMO radar signal processing (1st ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Lim, J., & Oppenheim, A. (1988). Advanced topics in signal processing (1st ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall Signal Processing Series.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  18. Long, W., Ben, D., Pan, M., Shu, X., Han, Y., & Pan, J. (2009). Opportunistic digital array radar and its technical characteristic analysis. In Proceedings of the IET Radar’09 conference (pp. 1–4).

  19. Petersen, K., & Pedersen, M. (2012). The matrix cookbook. Technical University of Denmark.

  20. Rappaport, T. S. (2002). Wireless communications principle and practice (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Reed, J. H., Clegg, A. W., Padaki, A. V., Yang, T., Nealy, R., Dietrich, C., et al. (2016). On the co-existence of TD-LTE and radar over 3.5 GHz band: An experimental study. IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, 5(4), 368–371.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Richards, M. A. (2005). Fundamentals of radar signal processing. New York,: Tata McGraw-Hill Education.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Safavi-Naeini, H. A., Ghosh, C., Visotsky, E., Ratasuk, R., & Roy, S. (2015). Impact and mitigation of narrow-band radar interference in down-link LTE. In 2015 IEEE international conference on communications (ICC) (pp 2644–2649).

  24. Safavi-Naeini, H. A., Roy, S., & Ashrafi, S. (2015). Spectrum sharing of radar and wi-fi networks: The sensing/throughput tradeoff. IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking, 1(4), 372–382.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Sodagari, S., Khawar, A., Clancy, T. C., & McGwier, R. (2012). A projection based approach for radar and telecommunication systems coexistence. In Proceedings of the IEEE Globcom12 conference (pp. 5010–5014).

  26. Zhao, Q. (2007). Spectrum opportunity and interference constraint in opportunistic spectrum access. ICASSP.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mohammed Hirzallah.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Hirzallah, M., Bose, T. Steepest descent opportunistic MIMO radar: spectrum sharing design. Analog Integr Circ Sig Process 91, 227–237 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10470-017-0935-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10470-017-0935-1

Keywords

Navigation