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Community and population impacts of an introduced meiofauna (Nippoleucon hinumensis) upon an intertidal infaunal community and its closest endemic analog (Cumella vulgaris)

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Abstract

Introduced species may be one of the penultimate threats facing natural systems in the Anthropocene. Unfortunately, some taxa, such as meiofauna (organisms that pass through a 1 mm mesh but are retained by a 45 μm mesh), are so challenging to study that the presence and impact of introduced meiofauna often goes undetected. Further, the impacts of introduced species are seldom placed into context with other structuring variables. Therefore, we used infaunal invertebrate communities of northern British Columbia, Canada, to quantify potential impacts of the introduced Cumacea Nippoleucon hinumensis upon the infaunal community and its closest endemic analog, Cumella vulgaris. We also compared the relative importance of this introduced species to other top-down (predation), bottom-up (competition), middle-out (predation/competition), and abiotic (tolerance) variables in structuring the infaunal community. We identified a significant negative correlation between N. hinumensis and C. vulgaris, suggesting that when placed in context with other structuring factors, the introduced species may have a minor, but detectable impact upon C. vulgaris populations. However, no relationship was observed between N. hinumensis and the infaunal community. The lack of a community-wide effect is potentially the result of the similarity between N. hinumensis and C. vulgaris life history strategies, enabling the introduced species to effectively replace C. vulgaris in the food web. As such, N. hinumensis may be best described as an invasive species, and not as merely non-native. Furthermore, the analytical techniques used here can be applied to other ecological systems to quantify and compare the impact of introduced species against other structuring forces.

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Acknowledgements

We are deeply thankful to D Parker, J Starr, and Z Starr for assistance with field work. The authors would like to thank Nic Ens for insight comments on an early version of this manuscript. We dedicate this paper to the memory of Mark Bell. Words alone cannot express your impact upon this world. Sleep well my friend.

Funding

Funding was provided by the Kitsumkalum First Nation to TGG, a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada Engage grant to TGG and FJ, a MITACS Elevate grant, partnered with the Hakai institute, to TGG, and an NSERC CGS M to LC. Cassiar Cannery provided further support to TGG and LC.

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  1. Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada

    Travis G. Gerwing, Lily Campbell, Hanna M. Thomson, Sarah E. Dudas & Francis Juanes

  2. Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Nanaimo, BC, Canada

    Sarah E. Dudas

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  1. Travis G. Gerwing
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All authors contributed to the design of the survey. LC collected field data. TGG analyzed the data and led the writing of the manuscript. All authors contributed to writing and editing the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Travis G. Gerwing.

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Gerwing, T.G., Campbell, L., Thomson, H.M. et al. Community and population impacts of an introduced meiofauna (Nippoleucon hinumensis) upon an intertidal infaunal community and its closest endemic analog (Cumella vulgaris). Aquat Ecol 57, 85–97 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10452-022-09996-0

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