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Biological Evaluation (In Vitro and In Vivo) of Bilayered Collagenous Coated (Nano Electrospun and Solid Wall) Chitosan Membrane for Periodontal Guided Bone Regeneration

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Abstract

The application of barrier membranes in guided bone regeneration (GBR) has become a commonly used surgical technique in periodontal research. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the in vitro biocompatibility and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on two different collagenous coatings (nano electrospun fibrous vs. solid wall) of bilayered collagen/chitosan membrane and their histological evaluation on bone regeneration in rabbit calvarial defects. It was found that chitosan-nano electrospun collagen (CNC) membranes had higher proliferation/metabolic activity compared to the chitosan-collagen (CC) and pristine chitosan membranes. The qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated the CNC membranes induced significant expression of osteogenic genes (Osteocalcin, RUNX2 and Col-α1) in MSCs. Moreover, higher calcium content and alkaline phosphatase activity of MSCs were observed compared to the other groups. Histologic and histomorphometric evaluations were performed on the uncovered (negative control) as well as covered calvarial defects of ten adult white rabbits with different membranes (CNC, CC, BioGide (BG, positive control)) at 1 and 2 months after surgery. More bone formation was detected in the defects covered with CNC and BG membranes than those covered by CC and the negative control. No inflammation and residual biomaterial particles were observed on the membrane surface or in the surrounding tissues in the surgical areas. These results suggest that bilayer CNC membrane can have the potential for use as a GBR membrane material facilitating bone formation.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by research grant from Dental Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. The authors thank Dr. Davood Sharifi, an animal researcher at the faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Tehran University, for his assistance in the study.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest related to the study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dental Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Ghogha Lotfi, Rasoul Mofid & Farzin Ghanavati

  2. Department of Periodontology, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Ghogha Lotfi & Rasoul Mofid

  3. National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran

    Mohammad Ali Shokrgozar & Seyedeh Kimia Yavari

  4. Department of Pathology of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Fatemeh Mashhadi Abbas

  5. Department of Basic Sciences, Proteomics Research Center, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Alireza Akbarzadeh Baghban

  6. Department of Chemical Engineering, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Evin, 1983963113, Tehran, Iran

    Seyedramin Pajoumshariati

  7. Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA

    Seyedramin Pajoumshariati

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  1. Ghogha Lotfi
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  2. Mohammad Ali Shokrgozar
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  7. Seyedeh Kimia Yavari
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Correspondence to Seyedramin Pajoumshariati.

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Associate Editor Mona Kamal Marei oversaw the review of this article.

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Lotfi, G., Shokrgozar, M.A., Mofid, R. et al. Biological Evaluation (In Vitro and In Vivo) of Bilayered Collagenous Coated (Nano Electrospun and Solid Wall) Chitosan Membrane for Periodontal Guided Bone Regeneration. Ann Biomed Eng 44, 2132–2144 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-015-1516-z

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