Abstract
Introduction
Sarahah is an online application that allows the anonymous exchange of messages. Lately, the application gained extensive fame among Internet users in Egypt. This study aimed to assess self-esteem and perceived social support among Sarahah users and explore the correlates with the application use.
Methods
Two focus group discussions were held to explore the opinions of Internet users about Sarahah application. Then, we created an online questionnaire, using a Google form, to assess the participants’ socio-demographic characteristics, self-esteem using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, social support using the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and patterns of Sarahah use.
Results
Of the 524 respondents to the questionnaire, 28.8% were Sarahah users. Knowing the opinions of others and entertainment were the primary drives behind the application use; 49% and 43% respectively. Low self-esteem (OR 1.6, 95% CI: 1.1–2.5, p = 0.028), age ≤ 25 years (OR 2.4, 95% CI: 1.1–5.2, p = 0.025), and being single (OR 3.4, 95% CI: 1.5–7.5, p = 0.003) associated with Sarahah use after adjustment for age, sex, education, occupation, and social status. Perceived social support did not show significant differences between Sarahah users and non-users.
Conclusion
Sarahah users have lower self-esteem than non-users. Future studies investigating other psychological deficits related to Sarahah use are needed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abdel-Khalek A, Korayem A, El-Nayal M (2012) Self-esteem among college students from four Arab countries. Psychol Rep 110(1):297–303
Alexa (2017) Sarahah.com traffic, demographics and competitors. Alexa Internet. https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/sarahah.com. Accessed 4 June 2018
Arafa A, Senosy S (2017) Pattern and correlates of cyberbullying victimization among Egyptian university students in Beni-Suef. J Egypt Public Health Assoc 92(2):107–115
Arafa A, Elbahrawe R, Saber N, Ahmed S, Abbas A (2018) Cyber sexual harassment: a cross-sectional survey over female university students in upper Egypt. Int J Community Med Public Health 5(1):61–65
Arafa A, Anzengruber F, Mostafa A, Navarini A (2019) Perspectives of online surveys in dermatology. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 33(3):511–520
Aroian K, Templin T, Ramaswamy V (2010) Adaptation and psychometric evaluation of the multidimensional scale of perceived social support for Arab immigrant women. Health Care Women Int 31:153–169
Bahrainian S, Haji Alizadeh K, Raeisoon M, Hashemi Gorji O, Khazaee A (2014) Relationship of internet addiction with self-esteem and depression in university students. J Prev Med Hyg 55:86–89
Bailey J (2003) The foundation of self-esteem. J Natl Med Assoc 95(5):388–393
Branden N (1994) The six pillars of self-esteem. Bantam, New York
Capurro D, Cole K, Echavarría M, Joe J, Neogi T, Turner A (2014) The use of social networking sites for public health practice and research: a systematic review. J Med Internet Res 16(3):e79
Cassin T (2018) Sarahah: anonymous app dropped from Apple and Google stores after bullying accusations. BBC News http://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-trending-43174619. Accessed 3 June 2018
Festinger L (1954) A theory of social comparison processes. Hum Relat 7:117–140
Griffin A (2018) Sarahah: popular anonymous messaging app blamed for making abuse easy is kicked off iPhone and Android. Independent. https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/sarahah-banned-iphone-android-download-app-store-down-not-working-anonymous-curious-cat-a8228941.html. Accessed 3 June 2018
Katz E, Blumler J, Gurevitch M (1973) Uses and gratifications research. Public Opin Q 37(4):509–524
Leung F, Savithiri R (2009) Spotlight on focus groups. Can Fam Physician 55(2):218–219
Madi M (2017) Sarahah: the honesty app that’s got everyone talking. BBC News http://www.bbc.com/news/video_and_audio/headlines/40846321/sarahah-the-honesty-app-that-s-got-everyone-talking. Accessed 3 June 2018
Mussweiler T, Ruter K, Epstude K (2004) The man who wasn’t there: subliminal social comparison standards influence self-evaluation. J Exp Soc Psychol 40:689–696
Naazish F (2017) Delhi High Court asks Government to consider plea to ban Sarahah. https://theindianjurist.com/2017/12/02/delhi-high-court-asks-government-consider-plea-ban-sarahah/. Accessed 6 June 2018
Naseri L, Mohamadi J, Sayehmiri K, Azizpoor Y (2015) Perceived social support, self-esteem, and internet addiction among students of Al-Zahra University, Tehran, Iran. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci 9(3):e421
Pantic I (2014) Online social networking and mental health. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw 17(10):652–657
Rosenberg M (1965) Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, University Press, Princeton
Rubin A (2009) Uses and gratifications perspective on media effects. In: Bryant J, Oliver MB (eds) Media effects: advances in theory and research, 3rd edn. Routledge, New York, pp 165–184
Saraha.com (2018) Accessed 7 June 2018
Spada M (2014) An overview of problematic internet use. Addict Behav 39:3–6
Vaterlaus J (2017) Yik Yak: an exploratory study of college student uses and gratifications. Bull Sci Technol Soc 37(1):23–33
World internet users and population stats (2018) https://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm. Accessed 6 June 2018
Zimet G, Dahlem N, Zimet S, Farley G (1988) The multidimensional scale of perceived social support. J Pers Assess 52:30–41
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
None.
Additional information
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Arafa, A., Senosy, S. Self-esteem and perceived social support among Sarahah users. J Public Health (Berl.) 28, 685–691 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-019-01088-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-019-01088-y