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Association between sex and Huntington’s disease: an updated review on symptomatology and prognosis of neurodegenerative disorders

Zusammenhang zwischen Geschlecht und Huntington-Chorea: aktualisierte Übersicht zur Symptomatologie und Prognose neurodegenerativer Erkrankungen

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Summary

Huntington’s disease is a rare autosomal dominant disorder presenting with chorea, rigidity, hypo-/akinesia, cognitive decline, and psychiatric disturbances. Numerous risk factors have been defined in the onset of this disease. However, the number of CAG repeats in the genes are the most crucial factor rendering patients susceptible to the disease. Studies have shown significant differences in onset and disease presentation among the sexes, which prompts analysis of the impact of different sexes on disease etiology and progression. This article therefore discusses the evidence-based role of sex in aspects of symptomatology, pathogenesis, biomarkers, progression, and prognosis of Huntington’s disease, with a secondary review of sex-linked differences in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease.

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  1. Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan

    Nimra Hasnain, Taha Bin Arif MBBS, Roha Shafaut, Faiza Zakaria, Syeda Zainab Fatima & Ibtehaj Ul Haque

  2. Department of Medicine, Dr. Ruth K. M. Pfao Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan

    Nimra Hasnain, Taha Bin Arif MBBS & Ibtehaj Ul Haque

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Nimra Hasnain, Taha Bin Arif, Roha Shafaut, and Faiza Zakaria performed the literature search, drafted the initial manuscript, approved the final version of the manuscript, and agree to be accountable for all aspects in ensuring that questions related to accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. Syeda Zainab Fatima and Ibtehaj Ul Haque contributed to the conception of the work, revised the manuscript for important intellectual content, approved the final version of the manuscript, and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.

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N. Hasnain, T.B. Arif, R. Shafaut, F. Zakaria, S.Z. Fatima, and I.U. Haque declare that they have no competing interests.

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Hasnain, N., Arif, T.B., Shafaut, R. et al. Association between sex and Huntington’s disease: an updated review on symptomatology and prognosis of neurodegenerative disorders. Wien Med Wochenschr 174, 87–94 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10354-022-00941-2

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