Abstract
Owakudani (Owakuzawa Valley), the largest fumarole area in Hakone volcano, Japan, is a place where volcanic disasters occur frequently, such as the mudslide disaster that killed six people in 1910 and the phreatic eruption that destroyed hot spring supply facilities in 2015. Therefore, monitoring surface displacements that may lead to slope failure is important for protecting life and property. In this study, we estimated three-dimensional displacements from interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) analysis from the ALOS-2/PALSAR-2 satellite data and detected landslide displacement around Owakudani. Moreover, the temporal variation of the landslide displacement was clarified from the InSAR time series analysis results. The landslide displacement detected in this study corresponds to a pre-existing collapsed landform whose underground structure was unknown. Additionally, the results of finite element analysis clarified the subsurface deformation concentration zone, suggesting the displacement on the pre-existing sliding surface. The landslide displacement started after the 2015 phreatic eruption. Therefore, fluid injection during the eruption might be one of the triggers of the displacement. Moreover, the annual displacement variation corresponds to changes in precipitation, suggesting that underground pore pressure changes have accelerated the displacement. These results demonstrate that the series of our approach can contribute to understanding the causes and mechanisms of landslides for which underground geological surveys are inadequate.
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Data availability
The original ALOS-2/PALSAR-2 data are available for purchase from the Remote Sensing Technology Center of Japan. The processed InSAR data are available from the corresponding author.
Abbreviations
- 2D:
-
two-dimensional
- 3D:
-
three-dimensional
- ALOS:
-
Advanced Land Observing Satellite
- AMeDAS:
-
Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System
- AVNIR-2:
-
Advanced Visible and Near Infrared Radiometer-2
- DEM:
-
digital elevation model
- DInSAR :
-
differential InSAR
- EGM:
-
Earth Gravitational Model
- FEM:
-
finite element method
- GEONET:
-
GNSS Earth Observation Network System
- GNSS:
-
Global Navigation Satellite System
- GSI:
-
Geospatial Information Authority of Japan
- InSAR:
-
interferometric synthetic aperture radar
- JAXA:
-
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
- JMA:
-
Japan Meteorological Agency
- LOS:
-
line of sight
- PALSAR:
-
Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar
- RINC:
-
Radar INterferometry Calculation
- SBAS:
-
small-baseline subset
- SNAPHU:
-
Statistical-cost, Network-flow Algorithm for Phase Unwrapping
- WGS-84:
-
World Geodetic System 1984
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Acknowledgments
We would like to thank Dr. Teruyuki Kato of Taisho University for his helpful comments on our manuscript. We also thank three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. ALOS-2/PALSAR-2 data were provided by JAXA via the Coordinating Committee for the Prediction of Volcanic Eruption as part of the project, “ALOS Domestic Demonstration on Disaster Management Application” of the Volcano Working Group. The original ALOS-2/PALSAR-2 data belong to JAXA.
Funding
This research was funded by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, KAKENHI grant numbers 19K04005, 21H04602, and 22H05326.
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Ryosuke Doke performed the InSAR analysis and prepared the manuscript. Satoru Sanoki performed FEM analysis, and Shoji Iwanaga programmed its code. Masaru Sato, Kenichi Hosono, and Eiji Tominga discussed the analysis result and its interpretation. All authors reviewed the manuscript.
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Doke, R., Sanoki, S., Iwanaga, S. et al. Monitoring of landslide displacements in Owakudani, Hakone volcano, Japan, using SAR interferometry. Landslides 21, 1207–1219 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-024-02224-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-024-02224-w