Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Hazard and risk assessment of earthquake-induced landslides—case study

  • Technical Note
  • Published:
Landslides Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Landslides as secondary seismic effects are causing some patterns of soil failure that are often considered among the most destructive ones. In fact, the impact from triggered landslides has sometimes exceeded damage directly related to strong shaking and fault rupture. The objective of this research study is landslide hazard and risk assessment considering different water saturation and earthquake scenarios, for a selected area in a sub-urban hilly part of Skopje—the capital of Macedonia. The final product is represented by digital maps of expected permanent displacements for a defined earthquake scenario, in different water saturation conditions of the instable soil layer. Qualitative landslide risk assessment is performed taking into consideration the exposure map of the habitants and local road of the area. As to the target area, it can be concluded that it has the potential for instability that, under certain scenarios, could result in economic and social damage (vulnerability of individual houses, vulnerability of infrastructure and alike). The results from this study referring to potentially affected population and infrastructure present solid base for preventive mitigation activities for reducing the consequences of geotechnical hazards in Skopje City associated with earthquakes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

References

  • Abella E. A. C. & Van Westen C. J. (2007). Generation of a landslide risk index map for Cuba using spatial multi-criteria evaluation. Landslides Springer-Verlag

  • Aghda SF, Bagheri V (2015) Evaluation of earthquake-induced landslides hazard zonation methods: a case study of Sarein, Iran, earthquake (1997). Arab J Geosci 8(9):7207–7227

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arsovski M.& Petkovski R. (1975). Neotectonics of Republic of Macedonia.IZIIS report 75-49

  • Blinkov I, Mincev I, Trendafilov B (2008) Erosion risk analyses on the Vodno Mountain and impact to the surrounding areas. In: BALWOIS 2008. Republic of Macedonia, Ohrid

    Google Scholar 

  • Borfecchia F, De Canio G, De Cecco L, Giocoli A, Grauso S, La Porta L, Martini S, Pollino M, Roselli I, Zini A (2016) Mapping the earthquake-induced landslide hazard around the main oil pipeline network of the Agri Valley (Basilicata, southern Italy) by means of two GIS-based modelling approaches. Nat Hazards 81(2):759–777

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cvetanovska J, Bonnard C, Frischencht C, Sesov V (2011) Terrain instabilities analysis, case study sub-urban part of Skopje. CERG Thesis, University of Geneva, Switzerland

    Google Scholar 

  • Fell R, Hungr O, Leroueil S, Riemer W (2000) Keynote lecture—geotechnical engineering of the stability of natural slopes, cuts and fills in soil. In: Geo Eng 2000, vol 1. Technomic, Lancaster, pp 21–120

    Google Scholar 

  • Gallen, S. F., Clark, M. K., Godt, J. W., Roback, K. and Niemi, N. A. (2016). Application and evaluation of a rapid response earthquake-triggered landslide model to the 25 April 2015 Mw 7.8 Gorkha earthquake, Nepal, Tectonophysics, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2016.10.031, n.d.

  • GEING-Krebs und Kiefer International. (2009). Geotechnical bases and basic performance project for rehabilitation of the landslide on road R-302, Skopje-Sopishte, km 2+800 (in Macedoninan)

  • Geotehnika –Skopje (2007). Report on geological and geotechnical mapping of the location of Sun City

  • Hasegawa S, Dahal RK, Nishimura T, Nonomura A, Yamanaka M (2009) DEM-based analysis of earthquake-induced shallow landslide susceptibility. Geotech Geol Eng 27(3):419–430

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ishihara K (1993) The Technical Committee for earthquake Geotechnical Engineering (TC-4) of the International Society for Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Manual for Zonation on Seismic Geotechnical Hazards. The Japanese Society of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering.

  • Jibson RW (2011) Methods for assessing the stability of slopes during earthquakes—a retrospective. Eng Geol 122(1):43–50

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jibson RW, Keefer DK (1993) Analysis of the seismic origin of landslides: examples from the New Madrid seismic zone. Geol Soc Am Bull 105(4):521–536

  • Jibson RW, Harp EL, Michael JA (1998) A method for producing digital probabilistic seismic landslide hazard maps: an example from the Los Angeles, California, area. US Department of the Interior, US Geological Survey, pp 98–113. https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr98113

  • Jibson RW, Harp EL, Michael JA (2000) A method for producing digital probabilistic seismic landslide hazard maps. Eng Geol 58(3–4):271–289. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-7952(00)00039-9

  • Keefer DK (1984) Landslides caused by earthquakes. Bull Geol Soc Am 95:406–421

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kritikos T, Robinson TR, Davies TRH (2014) Regional coseismic landslide hazard assessment without historical landslide inventories: a new approach. J Geophys Res Earth Surf 120(4):JF003224. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JF003224, 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lateltin O, Haemmig C, Raetzo H, Bonnard C (2005) Landslide risk management in Switzerland. Landslides 2(4):313–320

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marc O, Hovius N, Meunier P, Gorum T, Uchida T (2016) A seismologically consistent expression for the total area and volume of earthquake-triggered landsliding. J Geophys Res Earth Surf 121(4):640–663. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JF003732, 2016.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marc O, Meunier P, Hovius N (2017) Prediction of the area affected by earthquake-induced landsliding based on seismological parameters. Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 17(7):1159–1175. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-1159-2017

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miles SB, Ho CL (1999) Rigorous landslide hazard zonation using Newmark’s method and stochastic ground motion simulation. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 18(4):305–323

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miles SB, Keefer DK (2001) Seismic landslide hazard for the city of Berkeley. U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, California

    Google Scholar 

  • Newmark NM (1965) Effects of earthquakes on dams and embankments. Geotechnique 15(2):139–160

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nowicki MA, Wald DJ, Hamburger MW, Hearne M, Thompson EM (2014) Development of a globally applicable model for near real-time prediction of seismically induced landslides. Eng Geol 173:54–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.02.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Papathanassiou G, Valkaniotis S, Ganas A, Pavlides S (2013) GIS-based statistical analysis of the spatial distribution of earthquake-induced landslides in the island of Lefkada, Ionian Islands, Greece. Landslides 10(6):771–783

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Petrovski, Jakim T. (2004). Damaging effects of July 26, 1963 Skopje earthquake. Middle East Seismological Forum, Cyber Journal of Geoscience Volume Two 2004

  • Rapolla A, Paoletti V, Secomandi M (2010) Seismically induced landslide susceptibility evaluation: application of a new procedure to the island of Ischia, Campania Region, Southern Italy. Eng Geol 114(1):10–25

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rodrıguez CE, Bommer JJ, Chandler RJ (1999) Earthquake-induced landslides: 1980–1997. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 18(5):325–346

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saha AK, Gupta RP, Sarkar I, Arora MK, Csaplovics E (2005) An approach for GIS-based statistical landslide susceptibility zonation—with a case study in the Himalayas. Landslides 2(1):61–69

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • SHARE, (2013). European Facility for Earthquake Hazard and Risk-seismic Hazard Maps (Available online). http://www.efehr.org:8080/jetspeed/portal/HazardMaps.psml (last accessed: 17 December 2015).

  • Towhata, I. (2005). Development of geotechnical earthquake engineering in Japan. 6th Int. Conf. Soil Mech. Geotech. Eng. Osaka, Japan. 1: 251–291.

  • Van Westen CJ (1993) Application of geographic information systems to landslide hazard zonation. Technical University Delft. ITC-p, PhD Dissertation

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Westen CJ, Van Asch TWJ, Soeters R (2006) Landslide hazard and risk zonation—why is it still so difficult? Bull Eng Geol Environ 65(2):167–184

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Varnes DJ (1984) Landslide hazard zonation: a review of principles and practice. United Nations International, Paris

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, R. C., & Keefer, D. K. (1985). Predicting areal limits of earthquake-induced landsliding Evaluating earthquake, 76.

  • Working Group of the Government of R. Macedonia (2008). Report on technical observation of the registered landslide in the village Rakotintsi-Sopishte municipality (in Macedonian)

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Seismology, University Ss Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia

    Julijana Bojadjieva & Vlatko Sheshov

  2. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology of Lausanne (EPFL), LMS-EPFL, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland

    Christophe Bonnard

Authors
  1. Julijana Bojadjieva
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Vlatko Sheshov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Christophe Bonnard
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Julijana Bojadjieva.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Bojadjieva, J., Sheshov, V. & Bonnard, C. Hazard and risk assessment of earthquake-induced landslides—case study. Landslides 15, 161–171 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-017-0905-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-017-0905-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation