Zusammenfassung
Der Sonnenbrand ist eine physiologische Schädigung der Frucht, welche die Fruchtqualität in großem Maße beeinflusst: Ihr Wert wird dadurch vermindert. Die Veränderung entsteht überwiegend auf der Oberfläche oder in den oberen Schichten der Früchte. Später können durch eine Infektion des verletzten Hautgewebes phytopathogene Pilze auftreten, welche den Wert der Früchte herabsetzen: Das Obst wird unverkäuflich. Bei empfindlichen Sorten kann dieses Problem eine 50%ige Ernteverminderung verursachen. In seiner Entwicklung spielen neben der Sonnenstrahlung auch andere Faktoren eine wichtige Rolle. Der Sonnenbrand tritt vorwiegend in Gebieten auf, wo die Lufttemperatur und zugleich die Zahl der Sonnenstunden in der Reifezeit hoch ist. Die Schäden sind besonders intensiv, wenn in der gleichen Zeit auch eine Wasserbelastung besteht. Doch in erster Linie sind die Sorte, der physiologische Zustand und die Struktur der Gewebesubstanz des Apfels die Elemente, die bei der Entstehung des Schadens als Schlüsselfaktor in Betracht kommen. Einige Sorten (z. B. ‚Granny Smith‘) reagieren auf Strahlung empfindlich, weil sie dünnes Hautgewebe haben, während man auf den Früchten der Sorten ‚Jonathan‘ und ‚Gala‘ nur selten Sonnenbrandflecken beobachten kann. Die Apfelsorten mit roter Deckfarbe sind widerstandsfähiger.
Abstract
Sunburn is a physiological injury of the apple fruit that significantly affects its quality. The change mainly occurs on or close to the surface layers. Later, plant pathogens can infect the fruit through the injured epidermal tissue, making the fruit unmarketable. In sensitive varieties, this can cause a 50% loss in yield. Other factors also play a role in its formation. It occurs mainly in areas with high temperature and high numbers of sunny hours during the ripening period. Water stress during this period also increases the damage. However the main key factors during the formation of sunscald are primarily the variety of the apple, its physiological state and the structure of the planting. Some varieties (‘Granny Smith’) are sensitive to light since their epidermal tissue is thin, whereas ‘Jonathan’ and ‘Gala’ are affected very rarely. Moreover apple varieties having red-colour fruits are more resistant to sunscald.
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Racskó, J., Thurzó, S., Szabó, Z. et al. Schadwirkung des Sonnenbrands auf das Gewebe des Apfels (Malus domestica Borkh.). Gesunde Pflanzen 57, 47–52 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-005-0067-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-005-0067-x