Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

High reduction of ozone and particulate matter during the 2016 G-20 summit in Hangzhou by forced emission controls of industry and traffic

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Environmental Chemistry Letters Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Many regions in China experience air pollution episodes because of the rapid urbanization and industrialization over the past decades. Here we analyzed the effect of emission controls implemented during the G-20 2016 Hangzhou summit on air quality. Emission controls included a forced closure of highly polluting industries, and limiting traffic and construction emissions in the cities and surroundings. Particles with aerodynamic diameter lower than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) were measured. We also simulated air quality using a forecast system consisting of the two-way coupled Weather Research and Forecast and Community Multi-scale Air Quality (WRF-CMAQ) model. Results show PM2.5 and ozone levels in Hangzhou during the G-20 Summit were considerably lower than previous to the G-20 Summit. The predicted concentrations of ozone were reduced by 25.4%, whereas the predicted concentrations of PM2.5 were reduced by 56%.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Cheng Z, Wang S, Jiang J, Fu Q, Chen C, Xue B, Yu J, Fu X, Hao J (2013) Long-term trend of haze pollution and impact of particulate matter in the Yangtze River Delta, China. Environ Pollut 182(6):101–110. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2013.06.043

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eder B, Yu SC (2006) A performance evaluation of the 2004 release of Models-3 CMAQ. Atmos Environ 40:4811–4824. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.08.045

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guenther AB, Jiang X, Heald CL, Sakulyanontvittaya T, Duhl T, Emmons LK, Wang X (2012) The model of emissions of gases and aerosols from nature version 2.1 (MEGAN2.1): an extended and updated framework for modeling biogenic emissions. Geosci Model Dev 5(6):1–58. doi:10.5194/gmd-5-1471-2012

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hong YW, Chen JS, Deng JJ, Tong L, Xu LL, Niu ZC, Yin LQ, Chen YT, Hong ZY (2016) Pattern of atmospheric mercury speciation during episodes of elevated PM2.5 levels in a coastal city in the Yangtze River Delta, China. Environ Pollut 218:259–268. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2016.06.073

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang K, Zhang X, Lin Y (2015) The “APEC Blue” phenomenon: regional emission control effects observed from space. Atmos Res 164:65–75. doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2015.04.018

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huang ZJ, Ou JM, Zheng JY, Yuan ZB, Yin SS, Chen DH, Tan HB (2016) Process contributions to secondary inorganic aerosols during typical pollution episodes over the Pearl River Delta region, China. Aerosol Air Qual Res 16:2129–2144. doi:10.4209/aaqr.2015.12.0668

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li SW, Li HB, Luo J, Li HM, Qian X, Liu MM, Bi J, Cui XY, Ma LQ (2014) Influence of pollution control on lead inhalation bio-accessibility in PM 2.5: a case study of 2014 Youth Olympic Games in Nanjing. Environ Int 94:69–75. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2016.05.010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li H, Li L, Cheng H, An J, Yan R, Huang H, Wang Y, Lu Q, Wang Q, Lou S, Wang H, Zhou M, Tao S, Qiao L, Chen M (2015) Ozone source apportionment at urban area during a typical photochemical pollution episode in the summer of 2013 in the Yangtze River Delta. Environ Sci (in Chinese) 36(1):1–10. doi:10.13227/j.hjkx.2015.01.001

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu HR, Liu C, Xie ZQ, Li Y, Huang X, Wang SS, Xu J, Xie PH (2016) A paradox for air pollution controlling in China revealed by “APEC Blue” and “Parade Blue”. Sci Rep-UK 6:34408. doi:10.1038/srep34408

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lu XC, Yao T, Fung JC, Lin CQ (2016) Estimation of health and economic costs of air pollution over the Pearl River Delta region in China. Sci Total Environ 566–567:134–143. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.060

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rohde RA, Muller RA (2015) Air pollution in China: mapping of concentrations and sources. PLoS ONE. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0135749

    Google Scholar 

  • Skamarock WC, Klemp JB, Dudhia J, Gill DO, Barker DM, Duda MG, Huang X-Y, Wang W, Powers JG (2008) A description of the advanced research WRF version 3, Technical Note TN-475+STR, NCAR

  • Sun GJ, Yao L, Jiao L, Shi Y, Zhang QY, Tao M, Shan G, He Y (2013) Characterizing PM2.5 pollution of a subtropical metropolitan area in China. Atmos Clim Sci 3:100–110. doi:10.4236/acs.2013.31012

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sun Y, Wang ZF, Wild O, Xu WQ, Chen C, Fu PQ, Du W, Zhou LB, Zhang Q, Han TT, Wang QQ, Pan XL, Zheng HT, Li J, Guo XF, Liu JG, Worsnop DR (2016) “APEC Blue”: secondary aerosol reductions from emission controls in Beijing. Sci Rep 6:20668. doi:10.1038/srep20668

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang ZB, Fang CL (2016) Spatial-temporal characteristics and determinants of PM2.5 in the Bohai Rim Urban Agglomeration. Chemosphere 148:148–162. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.12.118

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang W, Jariyasopit N, Schrlau J, Jia Y, Tao S, Yu TW, Dashwood RH, Zhang W, Wang X, Simonich SL (2011) Concentration and photochemistry of PAHs, NPAHs, and OPAHs and toxicity of PM2.5 during the Beijing Olympic Games. Environ Sci Technol 45:6887–6895. doi:10.1021/es201443z

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wen W, Cheng SY, Chen XF, Wang G, Li S, Wang XQ, Liu XY (2016) Impact of emission control on PM2. 5 and the chemical composition change in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei during the APEC summit 2014. Environ Sci Pollut R 23:4509–4521. doi:10.1007/s11356-015-5379-5

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wong DC, Pleim J, Mathur R, Binkowski F, Otte T, Gilliam R, Pouliot G, Xiu A, Young JO, Kang D (2012) WRF-CMAQ two-way coupled system with aerosol feedback: software development and preliminary results. Geosci Model Dev 5:299–312. doi:10.5194/gmd-5-299-2012

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xing J, Zhang Y, Wang SX, Liu XH, Cheng SH, Zhang Q, Chen YS, Streets DG, Jang C, Hao JM, Wang WX (2011) Modeling study on the air quality impacts from emission reductions and atypical meteorological conditions during the 2008 Beijing Olympics. Atmos Environ 45:1786–1798. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.01.025

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yan RC, Yu SC, Zhang QY, Li PF, Wang S, Chen BX, Liu WP (2015) A heavy haze episode in Beijing in February of 2014: characteristics, origins and implications. Atmos Pollut Res 6:867–876. doi:10.5094/apr.2015.096

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yarwood G, Rao S, Yocke M, Whitten GZ (2005) Final report-updates to the carbon bond chemical mechanism: CB05,Rep. RT-04-00675, 246 pp., Yocke and Co., Novato, California. Available at: http://www.camx.com/publ/pdfs/CB05_Final_Report_120805.pdf

  • Yu SC, Eder B, Dennis R, Chu SH (2006) New unbiased symmetric metrics for evaluation of air quality models. Atmos Sci Lett 7:26–34. doi:10.1002/asl.125

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yu SC, Zhang QY, Yan RC, Wang S, Li PF, Chen BX, Liu WP, Zhang XY (2014a) Origin of air pollution during a weekly heavy haze episode in Hangzhou, China. Environ Chem Lett 12:543–550. doi:10.1007/s10311-014-0483-1

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yu SC, Mathur R, Pleim J, Wong D, Gilliam R, Alapaty K, Zhao C, Liu X (2014b) Aerosol indirect effect on the grid-scale clouds in the two-way coupled WRF-CMAQ: model description, development, evaluation and regional analysis. Atmos Chem Phys 14(20):11247–11285. doi:10.5194/acp-14-11247-2014

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yu SC, Li PF, Yan RC, Wang S, Liu WP (2015) Air quality real-time forecast of PM2.5 in Hangzhou metropolitan city with the WRF-CMAQ and WRF/Chem systems: model development and evaluation. In: 14th Annual CMAS conference, October 3–7, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

  • Zhang Y, Liu P, Pun B, Seigneur C (2006) A comprehensive performance evaluation of MM5-CMAQ for summer 1999 Southern Oxidants Study Episode, Part I. Evaluation protocols, databases, and meteorological predictions. Atmos Environ 40:4825–4838. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.12.043

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao PS, Dong F, He D, Zhao XJ (2013) Characteristics of concentrations and chemical compositions for PM2.5 in the region of Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei, China. Atmos Chem Phys 13:4631–4644. doi:10.5194/acp-13-4631-2013

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was partially supported by the Department of Science and Technology of China (No. 2016YFC0202702, No. 2014BAC22B06) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21577126). This work was also supported by the Joint NSFC–ISF Research Program (No. 41561144004), jointly funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Israel Science Foundation. Part of this work was also supported by the “Zhejiang 1000 Talent Plan” and Research Center for Air Pollution and Health in Zhejiang University. YZ acknowledges the support from DOE (DE-SC0006695) and NSF (AGS-1049200) at NC State, USA. The views expressed in this presentation are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the US EPA.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, People’s Republic of China

    Pengfei Li, Liqiang Wang, Ping Guo, Shaocai Yu, Khalid Mehmood, Si Wang & Weiping Liu

  2. Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA

    Shaocai Yu & John H. Seinfeld

  3. Department of Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA

    Yang Zhang

  4. Computational Exposure Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. EPA, RTP, NC, 27711, USA

    David C. Wong, Jon Pleim & Rohit Mathur

  5. Systems Exposure Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. EPA, RTP, NC, 27711, USA

    Kiran Alapaty

Authors
  1. Pengfei Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Liqiang Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ping Guo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Shaocai Yu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Khalid Mehmood
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Si Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Weiping Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. John H. Seinfeld
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Yang Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. David C. Wong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. Kiran Alapaty
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  12. Jon Pleim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  13. Rohit Mathur
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shaocai Yu.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Li, P., Wang, L., Guo, P. et al. High reduction of ozone and particulate matter during the 2016 G-20 summit in Hangzhou by forced emission controls of industry and traffic. Environ Chem Lett 15, 709–715 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-017-0642-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-017-0642-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation