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Kardiovaskuläre Prävention in Peri- und Postmenopause – Herz und Kreislauf gesund erhalten

Cardiovascular prevention in the perimenopause and postmenopause—Keep heart and circulation healthy

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Gynäkologische Endokrinologie Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen haben neben Krebs wesentlichen Anteil an Morbidität und Mortalität im höheren Alter der Frau jenseits der Menopause. Prävention ist der Schlüssel, um kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen zu vermeiden oder zumindest hinauszuschieben. Durch Vorsorge können mögliche zugrunde liegende metabolische und physiologische Störungen frühzeitig erkannt und korrigiert werden. Die individuelle genetische Veranlagung trägt wesentlich zur Entwicklung kardiovaskulärer Erkrankungen bei. Sie sollte in besonderem Maße zu Vorsorgemaßnahmen Anlass geben. Grundlage der kardiovaskulären Prävention sollte ein gesunder Lebensstil sein, erst in zweiter Linie erfolgt die medikamentöse Therapie von Risikofaktoren. Ernährung, Bewegung und Genussmittelgebrauch sowie – vermutlich zu wenig beachtet – psychologische Einflüsse sind die wesentlichen Determinanten. Zwar ist der Nachweis der Wirksamkeit geeigneter Lebensstilmaßnahmen schwierig zu erbringen. Jedoch sind unzählige Beobachtungsstudien bezüglich einiger prinzipieller Erkenntnisse weltweit wiederholt zu vergleichbaren Ergebnissen gekommen, sodass mit gewisser Sicherheit Empfehlungen abzuleiten sind. Der vorliegende Beitrag fasst den aktuellen Wissensstand zu Lebensstilmaßnahmen in Bezug auf Rauchverhalten, Übergewicht, Zuckerstoffwechselstörungen, Hypertonie und Fettstoffwechselstörungen im Rahmen des metabolischen Syndroms zusammen.

Abstract

In addition to cancer, cardiovascular diseases play a substantial role in morbidity and mortality of women beyond the menopause. Prevention is the key to avoid or at least to delay cardiovascular diseases. Possible underlying metabolic and physiological disorders can be detected and corrected at an early stage by screening. The individual genetic disposition makes a substantial contribution to the development of cardiovascular diseases and should particularly give occasion to initiate screening measures. The foundation of cardiovascular prevention is a healthy life style. Pharmaceutical treatment of risk factors should only be a secondary consideration. The main determinants are nutrition, exercise and the use of alcohol and tobacco as well as psychological influences, which are presumably underrated. Evidence for the effectiveness of suitable life style measures is difficult to provide; however, countless observational studies worldwide have repeatedly arrived at comparable results with respect to some principal findings, so that recommendations can be derived with a certain degree of safety. This article summarizes the current state of knowledge on life style measures, with respect to smoking behavior, overweight, hypertension and disorders of sugar and fat metabolism in the context of the metabolic syndrome.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Versorgungsforschung in der Dermatologie und bei Pflegeberufen (IVDP), Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52 – W38, 20246, Hamburg, Deutschland

    Eberhard Windler & Birgit-Christiane Zyriax

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  1. Eberhard Windler
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Correspondence to Eberhard Windler.

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E. Windler und B.-C. Zyriax geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Für diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autoren keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgeführt. Für die aufgeführten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.

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Annette Bachmann, Frankfurt

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Windler, E., Zyriax, BC. Kardiovaskuläre Prävention in Peri- und Postmenopause – Herz und Kreislauf gesund erhalten. Gynäkologische Endokrinologie 20, 164–169 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10304-022-00458-2

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