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Effects of phytosomal curcumin treatment on modulation of immunomodulatory and pulp regeneration genes in dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells

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Abstract

Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are a new population of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) located in the oral cavity with potential capacities for tissue regeneration and immunomodulation. The purpose from this study was to determine effects of curcumin nanoparticle into phytosomal formulation (PC) on the relative expression of DSPP, VEGF-A, HLA-G5, VCAM1, RelA and STAT3 genes which are among the most important factors influencing processes of immunomodulatory and tissue regenerative by DPSCs. After isolation and culture of DPSCs, these cells were characterized according to predetermined criteria including flow cytometric analysis for detection of the most important cell surface markers and also evaluation of multilineage differentiation potential. Then, the MTT method was employed to check the cell viability in treatment with different concentrations of PC. Following DPSCs’ treatment with an optimal-non-toxic dose of this nanoparticle, quantification of expression of target genes was performed using real-time PCR procedure. According to results of immunophenotyping analysis and cell differentiation experiments, the isolated cells were confirmed as MSCs as more than 99% of them expressed specific mesenchymal markers while only about 0.5% of them were positive for hematopoietic marker. The real-time PCR results indicated that PC significantly reduced the expression of RelA, STAT3, VCAM1 and HLA-G5 genes up to many times over while optimally enhanced the expression of DSPP and VEGF-A genes, although this enhance was statistically significant only for VEGF-A (all P < 0.001). The study suggests that PC affects the stemness capabilities of DPSCs and it may facilitate the development of MSCs-based therapeutics in regenerative dentistry.

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Data availability

Data are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Abbreviations

DPSC:

Dental pulp stem cell

DP-MSCs:

Dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells

PC:

Phytosomal curcumin

DSPP:

Dentin sialophosphoprotein

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

HLA-G5:

Human leukocyte antigen-G5

STAT:

Signal transducer and activator of transcription

VCAM:

Vascular cell adhesion molecule

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Acknowledgements

The writers appreciate Birjand University of Medical Sciences for supporting this research and also Dr. Seyed Mohammad Riahi, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran, for providing assistance in the statistical analysis.

Funding

This research was financed by Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Iran (Grant no.456182).

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Author notes

  1. Mansoore Saharkhiz and Malaksima Ayadilord have equally contributed as first author.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran

    Mansoore Saharkhiz & Malaksima Ayadilord

  2. Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran

    Mansoore Saharkhiz, Malaksima Ayadilord & Mohsen Naseri

  3. Dental Research Center, Department of Prosthodontics, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran

    Fariba Emadian Razavi

  4. Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran

    Mohsen Naseri

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  1. Mansoore Saharkhiz
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  2. Malaksima Ayadilord
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Contributions

MS study design, executor of plan, analysis and interpretation of data and drafting of the manuscript. MA study design, executor of plan, analysis and interpretation of data and drafting of the manuscript. FER study design, edit and critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content. MN material support, study design, executor of plan, supervision and interpretation and analysis of data and edit of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Mohsen Naseri.

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The research adheres to the guidelines of ethics committee of the Birjand University of medical sciences, Iran (ethical number: IR.BUMS.REC.1399.090).

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Saharkhiz, M., Ayadilord, M., Emadian Razavi, F. et al. Effects of phytosomal curcumin treatment on modulation of immunomodulatory and pulp regeneration genes in dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells. Odontology 110, 287–295 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10266-021-00659-4

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