Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Comparison of the antibacterial activity of calcium silicate- and epoxy resin-based endodontic sealers against Enterococcus faecalis biofilms: a confocal laser-scanning microscopy analysis

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Odontology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This study assessed the antibacterial activity of BioRoot RCS in comparison with that of the Totalfill BC and AH Plus sealers against Enterococcus faecalis biofilms in dentinal tubules using confocal laser-scanning microscopy. Sixty-six root dentin halves were prepared and sterilized. Three sections were used to ensure sterilization. The remaining were inoculated with E. faecalis. Three specimens were examined to verify the viability of biofilms. The sixty specimens were randomly divided into four groups: AH Plus, BioRoot RCS, Totalfill BC sealer, and no sealer. The specimens were incubated for 1, 7, and 30 days. The specimens were stained and four corners of each disc were scanned. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test. Almost half of the bacteria were dead in BioRoot RCS group on day 1 and in Totalfill BC group on day 7. All sealers killed significantly more bacteria than the control after 30 days (P < .05). On day 7, Totalfill BC showed a significantly higher percentage of dead bacteria than BioRoot RCS (P < .05). On day 30, the BioRoot RCS group registered the highest percentage of dead cells (61.75%), which was significantly higher than the percentages of the AH Plus and Totalfill BC groups (P < .05). Calcium silicate-based root canal sealers exerted antimicrobial effects against E. faecalis biofilms. The antibacterial activity of BioRoot RCS was significantly higher than that of the Totalfill BC and AH Plus sealers after 30 days of exposure.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Kakehashi S, Stanley HR, Fitzgerald RJ. The effects of surgical exposures of dental pulps in germ-free and conventional laboratory rats. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1965;20:340–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Ørstavik D. Materials used for root canal obturation: technical, biological and clinical testing. Endod Topics. 2005;12:25–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Kayaoglu G, Erten H, Alacam T, Orstavik D. Short-term antibacterial activity of root canal sealers towards Enterococcus faecalis. Int Endod J. 2005;38:483–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Sousa-Neto MD, Silva Coelho FI, Marchesan MA, Alfredo E, Silva-Sousa YT. Ex vivo study of the adhesion of an epoxy-based sealer to human dentine submitted to irradiation with Er:YAG and Nd:YAG lasers. Int Endod J. 2005;38:866–70.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Miletic I, Devcic N, Anic I, Borcic J, Karlovic Z, Osmak M. The cytotoxicity of RoekoSeal and AH plus compared during different setting periods. J Endod. 2005;31:307–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Zhou HM, Du TF, Shen Y, Wang ZJ, Zheng YF, Haapasalo M. In vitro cytotoxicity of calcium silicate-containing endodontic sealers. J Endod. 2015;41:56–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Viapiana R, Guerreiro-Tanomaru JM, Hungaro-Duarte MA, Tanomaru-Filho M, Camilleri J. Chemical characterization and bioactivity of epoxy resin and Portland cement-based sealers with niobium and zirconium oxide radiopacifiers. Dent Mater. 2014;30:1005–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Candeiro GT, Correia FC, Duarte MA, Ribeiro-Siqueira DC, Gavini G. Evaluation of radiopacity, pH, release of calcium ions, and flow of a bioceramic root canal sealer. J Endod. 2012;38:842–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Camps J, Jeanneau C, El Ayachi I, Laurent P, About I. Bioactivity of a calcium silicate-based endodontic cement (BioRoot RCS): interactions with human periodontal ligament cells in vitro. J Endod. 2015;41:1469–73.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Eldeniz AU, Shehata M, Högg C, Reichl FX. DNA double-strand breaks caused by new and contemporary endodontic sealers. Int Endod J. 2016;49:1141–51.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Siboni F, Taddei P, Zamparini F, Prati C, Gandolfi MG. Properties of BioRoot RCS, a tricalcium silicate endodontic sealer modified with povidone and polycarboxylate. Int Endod J. 2017;50(Suppl 2):e120-e36.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Viapiana R, Moinzadeh AT, Camilleri L, Wesselink PR, Tanomaru Filho M, Camilleri J. Porosity and sealing ability of root fillings with gutta-percha and BioRoot RCS or AH Plus sealers. Evaluation by three ex vivo methods. Int Endod J. 2016;49:774–82.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Uzunoglu-Özyürek E, Erdoğan Ö, Aktemur Türker S. Effect of calcium hydroxide dressing on the dentinal tubule penetration of 2 different root canal sealers: a confocal laser scanning microscopic study. J Endod. 2018;44:1018–23.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Abdulkader A, Duguid R, Saunders EM. The antimicrobial activity of endodontic sealers to anaerobic bacteria. Int Endod J. 1996;29:280–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Siqueira JF Jr, Favieri A, Gahyva SM, Moraes SR, Lima KC, Lopes HP. Antimicrobial activity and flow rate of newer and established root canal sealers. J Endod. 2000;26:274–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Candeiro GT, Moura-Netto C, D’Almeida-Couto RS, Azambuja-Junior N, Marques MM, Cai S, Gavini G. Cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and antibacterial effectiveness of a bioceramic endodontic sealer. Int Endod J. 2016;49:858–64.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Weiss EI, Shalhav M, Fuss Z. Assessment of antibacterial activity of endodontic sealers by a direct contact test. Endod Dent Traumatol. 1996;12:179–84.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Wang Z, Shen Y, Haapasalo M. Dentin extends the antibacterial effect of endodontic sealers against Enterococcus faecalis biofilms. J Endod. 2014;40:505–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Haapasalo M, Qian W, Portenier I, Waltimo T. Effects of dentin on the antimicrobial properties of endodontic medicaments. J Endod. 2007;33:917–25.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Morgental RD, Singh A, Sappal H, Kopper PM, Vier-Pelisser FV, Peters OA. Dentin inhibits the antibacterial effect of new and conventional endodontic irrigants. J Endod. 2013;39:406–10.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Ma J, Wang Z, Shen Y, Haapasalo M. A new noninvasive model to study the effectiveness of dentin disinfection by using confocal laser scanning microscopy. J Endod. 2011;37:1380–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Stuart CH, Schwartz SA, Beeson TJ, Owatz CB. Enterococcus faecalis: its role in root canal treatment failure and current concepts in retreatment. J Endod. 2006;32:93–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Sundqvist G, Figdor D, Persson S, Sjogren U. Microbiologic analysis of teeth with failed endodontic treatment and the outcome of conservative re-treatment. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1998;85:86–93.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. George S, Kishen A, Song KP. The role of environmental changes on monospecies biofilm formation on root canal wall by Enterococcus faecalis. J Endod. 2005;31:867–72.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Schäfer E, Bössmann K. Antimicrobial efficacy of chlorhexidine and two calcium hydroxide formulations against Enterococcus faecalis. J Endod. 2005;31:53–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Lima RK, Guerreiro-Tanomaru JM, Faria-Junior NB, Tanomaru-Filho M. Effectiveness of calcium hydroxide-based intracanal medicaments against Enterococcus faecalis. Int Endod J. 2012;45:311–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Topcuoglu HS, Tuncay O, Karatas E, Arslan H, Yeter K. In vitro fracture resistance of roots obturated with epoxy resin-based, mineral trioxide aggregate-based, and bioceramic root canal sealers. J Endod. 2013;39:1630–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. White JM, Goodis HE, Marshall SJ, Marshall GW. Sterilization of teeth by gamma radiation. J Dent Res. 1994;73:1560–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Ricucci D, Siqueira JF Jr. Biofilms and apical periodontitis: study of prevalence and association with clinical and histopathologic findings. J Endod. 2010;36:1277–88.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Upadya MH, Kishen A. Influence of bacterial growth modes on the susceptibility to light-activated disinfection. Int Endod J. 2010;43:978–87.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Wang Z, Shen Y, Haapasalo M. Effectiveness of endodontic disinfecting solutions against young and old Enterococcus faecalis biofilms in dentin canals. J Endod. 2012;38:1376–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Watson TF, Cook RJ, Festy F, Pilecki P, Sauro S. Optical imaging techniques for dental biomaterials interfaces. In: Curtis RV, Watson TF, editors. Dental biomaterials: imaging, testing and modelling. Cambridge: Woodhead; 2008.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  33. Pizzo G, Giammanco GM, Cumbo E, Nicolosi G, Gallina G. In vitro antibacterial activity of endodontic sealers. J Dent. 2006;34:35–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Zhang H, Shen Y, Ruse ND, Haapasalo M. Antibacterial activity of endodontic sealers by modified direct contact test against Enterococcus faecalis. J Endod. 2009;35:1051–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Schweikl H, Schmalz G. The induction of micronuclei in V79 cells by the root canal filling material AH plus. Biomaterials. 2000;21:939–44.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Leonardo MR, Bezerra da Silva LA, Filho MT, Santana da Silva R. Release of formaldehyde by 4 endodontic sealers. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1999;88:221–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Al-Haddad A, Che Ab Aziz ZA. Bioceramic-based root canal sealers: a review. Int J Biomater. 2016;2016:9753210.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  38. Trope M, Bunes A, Debelian G. Root filling materials and techniques: bioceramics a new hope? Endod Topics. 2015;32:86–96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Zhou HM, Shen Y, Zheng W, Li L, Zheng YF, Haapasalo M. Physical properties of 5 root canal sealers. J Endod. 2013;39:1281–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Borges RP, Sousa-Neto MD, Versiani MA, Rached-Junior FA, De-Deus G, Miranda CE, Pecora JD. Changes in the surface of four calcium silicate-containing endodontic materials and an epoxy resin-based sealer after a solubility test. Int Endod J. 2012;45:419–28.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Alsubait SA, Al Ajlan R, Mitwalli H, Aburaisi N, Mahmood A, Muthurangan M, Almadhri R, Alfayez M, Anil S. Cytotoxicity of different concentrations of three root canal sealers on human mesenchymal stem cells. Biomolecules. 2018;1:8:E68.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Khalil I, Naaman A, Camilleri J. Properties of tricalcium silicate sealers. J Endod. 2016;42:1529–35.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Arias-Moliz MT, Camilleri J. The effect of the final irrigant on the antimicrobial activity of root canal sealers. J Dent. 2016;52:30–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Du T, Wang Z, Shen Y, Ma J, Cao Y, Haapasalo M. Effect of long-term exposure to endodontic disinfecting solutions on young and old Enterococcus faecalis biofilms in dentin canals. J Endod. 2014;40:509–14.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Chivatxaranukul P, Dashper SG, Messer HH. Dentinal tubule invasion and adherence by Enterococcus faecalis. Int Endod J. 2008;41:873–82.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was approved by the Institutional Review Board of King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (E-17-2687), and the College of Dentistry Research Center (IR0248) of King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The project was carried out in the Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, a core research facility of the King Saud University, College of Dentistry in collaboration with the Prince Naif bin AbdulAziz Health Research Center.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Sara Alsubait

  2. General Practitioner, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Shahad Albader, Norah Alajlan & Nouf Alkhunaini

  3. Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Abdurahman Niazy

  4. Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Ahmed Almahdy

Authors
  1. Sara Alsubait
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Shahad Albader
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Norah Alajlan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Nouf Alkhunaini
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Abdurahman Niazy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Ahmed Almahdy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sara Alsubait.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Alsubait, S., Albader, S., Alajlan, N. et al. Comparison of the antibacterial activity of calcium silicate- and epoxy resin-based endodontic sealers against Enterococcus faecalis biofilms: a confocal laser-scanning microscopy analysis. Odontology 107, 513–520 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10266-019-00425-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10266-019-00425-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation