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Elastic scattering spectroscopy for monitoring skin cancer transformation and therapy in the near infrared window

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Abstract

There is a pressing need for monitoring cancerous tissue response to laser therapy. In this work, we evaluate the viability of elastic scattering spectroscopy (ESS) to monitor malignant transformations and effects of laser therapy of induced skin cancer in a hamster model. Skin tumors were induced in 35 mice, half of which were irradiated with 980 nm laser diode. Physiological and morphological transformations in the tumor were monitored over a period of 36 weeks using elastic scattering spectroscopy, in the near infrared window. Analytical model for light scattering was used to derive scattering optical properties for both transformed tissue and laser-treated cancer. The tissue scattering over the wavelength range (700–950 nm) decreased remarkably as the carcinogen-induced tissue transformed towards higher stages. Conversely, reduced scattering coefficient noticeably increased with increasing the number of laser irradiation sessions for the treated tumors. The relative changes in elastic scattering signal for transformed tissue were significantly different (p < .05). Elastic scattering signal intensity for laser-treated tissue was also significantly different (p < .05). Reduced scattering coefficient of treated tissue exhibited nearly 80% recovery of its normal skin value at the end of the experiment, and the treatment outcome could be improved by adjusting the number of sessions, which we can predict through spectroscopic optical feedback. This study demonstrates that ESS can quantitatively provide functional information that closely corresponds to the degree of pathologic transformation. ESS may well be a viable technique to optimize systemic melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer treatment based on noninvasive tumor response.

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge extend their gratitude to all colleagues at Damascus University and Higher Institute for Laser Research and Applications who cooperated in this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biomedical Photonics Laboratory, Higher Institute for Laser Research and Applications, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria

    Kawthar Shurrab

  2. Faculty of Dentistry, Al-Sham Private University, Damascus, Syria

    Nabil Kochaji

  3. Biomedical Photonics Laboratory, Higher Institute for Laser Research and Applications, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria

    Wesam Bachir

  4. Faculty of Informatics Engineering, Al-Sham Private University, Al-Baramkeh, Damascus, Syria

    Wesam Bachir

Authors
  1. Kawthar Shurrab
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  2. Nabil Kochaji
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  3. Wesam Bachir
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Correspondence to Kawthar Shurrab.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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All procedures were approved by institutional ethical, according to Damascus University ethical committee decision no. 3164

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Shurrab, K., Kochaji, N. & Bachir, W. Elastic scattering spectroscopy for monitoring skin cancer transformation and therapy in the near infrared window. Lasers Med Sci 35, 701–708 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-019-02894-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-019-02894-2

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