Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

In vitro comparison of an Er:YAG laser-activated bleaching system with different light-activated bleaching systems for color change, surface roughness, and enamel bond strength

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Lasers in Medical Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

To compare an Er:YAG laser-activated bleaching system with different light-activated in-office bleaching systems for color change, surface roughness, and post-bleaching enamel bond strength. 51 enamel slabs were prepared from the sound buccal enamel of extracted bovine teeth. The teeth were randomly divided into three groups according to different light-activated office bleaching systems (n = 17): diode laser (Epic, Biolase) (940 nm, 7 W, continuous mode), Er:YAG laser (LightWalker, Fotona) (2940 nm, 50 mJ, 10 Hz, 1000 μs), and LED (Radii Plus) (440–480 nm, 1500 mW/cm2). All systems were used with their compatible bleaching agents according to manufacturers’ recommendations. The tooth color and surface roughness (Ra) were assessed at baseline and after bleaching using a spectrophotometer and a surface profilometer, respectively. The color change was determined by the CIE L*a*b* system (ΔE, ΔL*, Δa*, Δb*). Kruskal-Wallis test was used for color change whereas Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests were used to analyze the roughness data. For shear bond strength test (SBS), composite cylinders were bonded on bleached enamel samples 14 days after bleaching procedures and stored in water (37 °C). Specimens were then debonded with a universal testing machine at 1 mm/min and data were analyzed by using Kruskal-Wallis test. All the tested bleaching systems were effective on color change (ΔE > 3.3) and produced similar color change (p > 0.05). There were no significant differences among the Ra values of the groups neither at baseline nor after bleaching (p > 0.05). However, comparing the baseline and after bleaching Ra values, a significant increase was observed for all tested groups (p < 0.05). Significant differences were also found among all systems for SBS (p < 0.05). The highest values were obtained in Er:YAG group, whereas the LED group revealed the lowest values (p < 0.05). All tested bleaching systems were effective on tooth whitening, whereas they all led to an increase on surface roughness. Although the current Er:YAG laser-activated bleaching system did not differ from other tested bleaching systems according to color change and surface roughness, it appears to provide better results in terms of SBS.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Joiner A (2006) The bleaching of teeth: a review of the literature. J Dent 34:412–419

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Luk K, Tam L, Hubert M (2004) Effect of light energy on peroxide tooth bleaching. J Am Dent Assoc 35:194–201

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Gurgan S, Cakir FY, Yazici E (2010) Different light-activated in-office bleaching systems: a clinical evaluation. Lasers Med Sci 25:817–822

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Sulieman M, MacDonald E, Rees JS, Addy M (2005) Comparison of three in-office bleaching systems based on 35% hydrogen peroxide with different light activators. Am J Dent 18:194–197

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Nguyen C, Augros C, Rocca JP, Lagori G, Fornaini C (2015) KTP and Er:YAG laser dental bleaching comparison: a spectrophotometric, thermal and morphologic analysis. Lasers Med Sci 30:2157–2164

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Shahabi S, Assadian H, Mahmoudi Nahavandi A, Nokhbatolfoghahaei H (2018) Comparison of tooth color change after bleaching with conventional and different light-activated methods. J Lasers Med Sci 9:27–31

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Michida SM, Passos SP, Marimoto AR, Garakis MC, de Araújo MA (2009) Intrapulpal temperature variation during bleaching with various activation mechanisms. J Appl Oral Sci 17:436–439

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Moosavi H, Arjmand N, Ahrari F, Zakeri M, Maleknejad F (2016) Effect of low-level laser therapy on tooth sensitivity induced by in-office bleaching. Lasers Med Sci 31:713–719

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Silveira PC, Streck EL, Pinho RA (2007) Evaluation of mitochondrial respiratory chain activity in wound healing by low-level laser therapy. J Photochem Photobiol B 86:279–282

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Benetti F, Lemos CAA, de Oliveira Gallinari M, Terayama AM, Briso ALF et al (2018) Influence of different types of light on the response of the pulp tissue in dental bleaching: a systematic review. Clin Oral Investig 22:1825–1837

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Gutknecht N, Franzen R, Meister J, Lukac M, Pirnat S et al (2011) A novel Er:YAG laser-assisted tooth whitening method. J Laser Health Acad 1:1–10

    Google Scholar 

  12. Fornaini C (2012) TouchWhite Er:YAG tooth whitening. J Laser Health Acad 1:Suppl B01

  13. Dinc A, Maden O (2012) Laser tooth whitening: diode vs. TouchWhite Er:YAG Tx. J Laser Health Acad 1:Suppl B02

  14. Sari T, Usumez A (2013) Case report: office bleaching with Er: YAG laser. J Laser Health Acad 1:4–6

    Google Scholar 

  15. Sari T, Celik G, Usumez A (2015) Temperature rise in pulp and gel during laser-activated bleaching: in vitro. Lasers Med Sci 30:577–582

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Kiomars N, Azarpour P, Mirzaei M, Hashemi Kamangar SS, Kharazifard MJ et al (2016) Evaluation of the diode laser (810 nm, 980 nm) on color change of teeth after external bleaching. Laser Ther 25:267–272

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Domínguez A, García JA, Costela A, Gómez C (2011) Influence of the light source and bleaching gel on the efficacy of the tooth whitening process. Photomed Laser Surg 29:53–59

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Meireles Fontes ST, Coimbra LA, Della Bona A, Demarco FF (2012) Effectiveness of different carbamide peroxide concentrations used for tooth bleaching: an in vitro study. J Appl Oral Sci 20:186–191

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Cvikl B, Lussi A, Moritz A, Flury S (2016) Enamel surface changes after exposure to bleaching gels containing carbamide peroxide or hydrogen peroxide. Oper Dent 41:39–47

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Anaraki SN, Shahabi S, Chiniforush N, Nokhbatolfoghahaei H, Assadian H et al (2015) Evaluation of the effects of conventional versus laser bleaching techniques on enamel microroughness. Lasers Med Sci 30:1013–1018

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Mirzaie M, Yassini E, Ganji S, Moradi Z, Chiniforush N (2016) A comparative study of enamel surface roughness after bleaching with diode laser and Nd:YAG laser. J Lasers Med Sci 7:197–200

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Berger SB, Cavalli V, Ambrosano GM, Gianni M (2010) Changes in surface morphology and mineralization level of human enamel following in-office bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide and light irradiation. Gen Dent 58:74–79

    Google Scholar 

  23. Dionysopoulos D, Strakas D, Koliniotou-Koumpia E, Koumpia E (2017) Effect of Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation on bovine enamel surface during in-office tooth bleaching ex vivo. Odontology 105:320–328

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Swift EJ Jr (2012) Critical appraisal. Reversal of compromised bonding after bleaching. J Esthet Restor Dent 24:357–361

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Topcu FT, Erdemir U, Ozel E, Tiryaki M, Oktay EA et al (2017) Influence of bleaching regimen and time elapsed on microtensile bond strength of resin composite to enamel. Contemp Clin Dent 8:451–458

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Lago AD, Garone-Netto N (2013) Microtensile bond strength of enamel after bleaching. Indian J Dent Res 24:104–109

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Sharafeddin F, Farshad F, Azarian B, Afshari A (2016) Effect of green tea extract as antioxidant on shear bond strength of resin composite to in-office and home-bleached enamel. J Dent Biomater 3:269–275

    Google Scholar 

  28. Khamverdi Z, Khadem P, Soltanian A, Azizi M (2016) In-vitro evaluation of the effect of herbal antioxidants on shear bond strength of composite resin to bleached enamel. J Dent (Tehran) 13:244–251

    Google Scholar 

  29. Mukka PK, Komineni NK, Pola S, Soujanya E, Karne AR et al (2016) An in-vitro comparative study of shear bond strength of composite resin to bleached enamel using three herbal antioxidants. J Clin Diagn Res 10:ZC89–ZC92

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  30. Yavuz T, Ozyilmaz OY, Ozturk AN, Aykent F (2016) Bond strength of resin composite to light activated bleached enamel. Niger J Clin Pract 19:766–771

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Can-Karabulut DC, Karabulut B (2010) Shear bond strength to enamel after power bleaching activated by different sources. Eur J Esthet Dent 5:382–396

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Gorucu-Coskuner H, Yazici AR, Gorucu J, Usumez A, Kara O (2017) The effect of different in-office bleaching techniques and etching procedures on bond strength of orthodontic brackets. J Adhes Sci Technol 31:1691–1699

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Pimenta-Dutra AC, Albuquerque RC, Morgan LS, Pereira GM, Nunes E et al (2017) Effect of bleaching agents on enamel surface of bovine teeth: a SEM study. J Clin Exp Dent 9:e46–e50

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey

    Esra Ergin, A. Ruya Yazici & Jale Gorucu

  2. Hacettepe University Dental Laser Application and Research Center, Ankara, Turkey

    Esra Ergin & A. Ruya Yazici

  3. Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey

    Bercem Kalender

  4. Istanbul, Turkey

    Aslihan Usumez & Tugrul Sari

  5. Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey

    Atilla Ertan

Authors
  1. Esra Ergin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. A. Ruya Yazici
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Bercem Kalender
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Aslihan Usumez
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Atilla Ertan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Jale Gorucu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Tugrul Sari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bercem Kalender.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

Informed consent

Informed consent is not required, as this study does not contain any human participant.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ergin, E., Ruya Yazici, A., Kalender, B. et al. In vitro comparison of an Er:YAG laser-activated bleaching system with different light-activated bleaching systems for color change, surface roughness, and enamel bond strength. Lasers Med Sci 33, 1913–1918 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-018-2555-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-018-2555-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation