Abstract
Worldwide primary energy needs are satisfied basically from non-renewable sources that are limited in supply and innately hazardous to the environment. Biomass-based power systems are very much potent to address the environmental issues fostering sustainable development, while being able to provide a secured and uninterrupted power supply at the same time. Biomass-based power generation systems not only reduce the GHG emissions but also have enormous opportunities of job creation and promote biomass re-growth through sustainable land management practices. This paper overviews the biomass scenario in Southeast Asian and EU countries to give an overview of the potential and scalable energy harnessed from biomass resources. Economic analyses presented on biomass gasification-based power generation have been evaluated with three specific cost estimations, namely low, average and high. Key economic performance metrics of biomass gasification-based dual-fuel internal combustion engine generator with low investment estimates are as follows: a positive net present value of USD 7.5 million; internal rate of return 14.45%; and a payback period of 5.45 years. A review of the technologies can provide a base for strategic energy policy for the next generation of sustainable energy policies and helps policymakers to frame strategies aiming for clean technology and sustainable development. Biomass integrated gasification combined cycle-based systems are found to be most suitable for power generation or biofuel synthesis.
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Abbreviations
- APEC:
-
Asia Pacific Energy Centre
- ASEAN:
-
Association of South East Asian Nations
- ASTM:
-
American Society for Testing and Materials
- BFB:
-
Bubbling fluidized bed
- BIGCC:
-
Biomass integrated gasification combined cycle
- CAPEX:
-
Capital expenditure
- CCS:
-
Carbon capturing and storage
- CDM:
-
Clean development mechanism
- CER:
-
Certified emission reduction
- CF:
-
Cash flow
- CFB:
-
Circulating fluidized bed
- CGE:
-
Cold gas efficiency
- CHP:
-
Combined heat and power
- DOE:
-
Department of Energy, USA
- EFB:
-
Empty fruit bunch
- EPA:
-
Environmental Protection Agency
- FiT:
-
Feed in tariff
- GHG:
-
Greenhouse gases
- ICE:
-
Internal combustion engine
- IEA:
-
International Energy Agency
- IPCC:
-
Inter-Governmental Panel of Climate Change
- IRENA:
-
International Renewable Energy Agency
- IRR:
-
Internal rate of return
- LCOE:
-
Levelized cost of electricity
- LHV:
-
Lower heating value in MJ/t
- MARR:
-
Minimum attractive rate of return
- MC:
-
Moisture content
- MF:
-
Mesocarp fiber
- MPOB:
-
Malaysian Palm Oil Board
- MYR:
-
Malaysian ringgit
- NPV:
-
Net present value
- NREL:
-
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
- NTEL:
-
National Energy Technology Laboratory
- OECD:
-
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development
- OM:
-
Operation and maintenance cost per year
- OPF:
-
Oil palm frond
- OPT:
-
Oil palm trunk
- PBP:
-
Payback period
- PDD:
-
Project design data
- PKS:
-
Palm kernel shell
- POME:
-
Palm oil mill effluent
- RE:
-
Renewable energy
- SEDA:
-
Sustainable Energy Development Authority, Malaysia
- TIEB:
-
Thailand integrated energy blueprint
- UNFCCC:
-
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank the technical and financial assistance of UM Power Energy Dedicated Advanced Centre (UMPEDAC) and the Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE) Program Research Grant, UMPEDAC - 2018 (MOHE HICOE - UMPEDAC), Ministry of Education Malaysia, TOP100UMPEDAC, RU005-2015, University of Malaya.
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Abdul Malek, A.B.M., Hasanuzzaman, M. & Rahim, N.A. Prospects, progress, challenges and policies for clean power generation from biomass resources. Clean Techn Environ Policy 22, 1229–1253 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-020-01873-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-020-01873-4