Abstract
Brucks (Anim Cogn 25(2):473–491, 2021) have published an intriguing paper on the differing abilities of various species of parrots to succeed in a delay of gratification task. I find their interspecies comparisons of considerable interest but take exception to their misrepresentation of prior research on delayed gratification from our laboratory in Koepke (J Comp Psychol 129:339–346, 2015). Contrary to their claims, our subject was never trained on the task; rather, one might argue instead that all their subjects received considerable training or at least forms of pre-exposure that could affect their overall claims. I also briefly discuss other design features that may have affected their results.
References
Auersperg AMI, von Bayern AMP (2019) Who’s a clever bird—now? A brief history of parrot cognition. Behaviour 156:391–407
Brucks D, Petelle M, Baldoni C, Krasheninnikova A, Rovegno E, von Bayern AMP (2021) Intra- and interspecific variation in self-control capacities of parrots in a delay of gratification task. Anim Cogn. https://doi.org/10.1007/sl0071-021-01565-6
Diamond A (2013) Executive functions. Ann Rev Psychol 64(1):135–168. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143750
Goodhart CAE (1984) Monetary theory and practice. Macmillan, London
Gutiérrez-Ibáñez C, Iwaniuk AN, Wylie DR (2018) Parrots have evolved a primate-like telencephalic-midbrain-cerebellar circuit. Sci Rep 8:9960. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-28301-4
Hedges SB, Parker PH, Sibley CG, Kumar S (1996) Continental breakup and the ordinal diversification of birds and mammals. Nature 381:226–229. https://doi.org/10.1038/381226a0
Herculano-Houzel S (2020) Birds do have a brain cortex—and think. Science 369:1567–1568. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abe0536
Hutson M (2022) Taught to the test. Science 376:570–573. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abq7853
Koepke AE, Gray SL, Pepperberg IM (2015) Delayed gratification: a Grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus) will wait for a better reward. J Comp Psychol 129:339–346. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0039553
Miller R, Boeckle M, Jelbert SA, Frohnwieser A, Wascher CAF, Clayton NS (2019) Self-control in crows, parrots and nonhuman primates. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Cogn Sci 10(6):e1504. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1504
Mischel W, Shoda Y, Peake PK (1988) The nature of adolescent competencies predicted by preschool delay of gratification. J Pers Soc Psychol 54(4):687–696. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.54.4.687
Mischel W, Shoda Y, Rodriguez M (1989) Delay of gratification in children. Science 244:933–938. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.2658056
Olkowicz S, Kocourek M, Lucan RK, Porteš M, Fitch WT, Herculano-Houzel S et al (2016) Birds have primate-like numbers of neurons in the forebrain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 113:7255–7260. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1517131113
Pepperberg IM (2020) Human-avian comparisons in cognitive performance. Front Psychol 11:973. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00973
Pepperberg IM, Rosenberger V (2022) Delayed gratification: a Grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus) will wait for more tokens. J Comp Psychol 136:79–89. https://doi.org/10.1037/com0000306
Schwing R, Weber S, Bugnyar T (2017) Kea (Nestor notabilis) decide early when to wait in food exchange task. J Comp Psychol 131(4):269–276. https://doi.org/10.1037/com0000086
Acknowledgements
This commentary was written with the support of donors to The Alex Foundation. I thank several colleagues and reviewers for their comments, which improved the manuscript considerably.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
I declare no competing interest.
Ethical approval
As this manuscript is a commentary, no experiments were performed.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Pepperberg, I.M. Comments on “Intra- and interspecific variation in self-control capacities of parrots in a delay of gratification task”. Anim Cogn 25, 1679–1682 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10071-022-01644-2
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10071-022-01644-2