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Elevated serum interleukin-34 level in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus and disease activity

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Abstract

Aim of the work

To determine the role of Interleukin-34 (IL-34) in the pathogenesis of juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (J-SLE), by exploring the relationship between IL-34 concentration and the disease activity

Subjects and methods

This study was carried out on 48 children with SLE, and 30 healthy control subjects. SLE disease activity was measured by systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI). Serum IL-34 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The collected data were statistically analyzed using SPSS program version 16.0.

Results

There was a significant elevation in IL-34 concentration in J-SLE patients (52.25 ± 19.94 pg/ml) compared with control group (11.20 ± 6.40 pg/ml) (p < 0.001). The highest level was detected in patients with high SLEDAI score and with lupus nephritis (p = 0.005, 0.003, respectively). There was a statistically significant positive correlation between IL-34 levels and SLEDAI, ESR, CRP, and anti-ds DNA antibodies, but negative correlation with complement (C3, C4), and hemoglobin levels in J-SLE patients.

Conclusion

IL-34 could be a probable marker for J-SLE disease activity which is more aggressive than adult-SLE, and IL-34 blockage may suppress the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in patients’ blood.

Key Points

•Juvenile SLE is more aggressive and of worse prognosis than adult-SLE.

• Significantly elevated concentration of IL-34 in juvenile SLE patients when compared with controls.

• Elevated concentrations of IL-34 in patients are correlated with SLEDAI, ESR, CRP, ds-DNA antibodies, hemoglobin, and complement levels.

• IL-34 may play a role in SLE pathogenesis and disease activity.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Physical Medicine, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, El-Geish Street, Tanta, Gharbia, Egypt

    Hanaa Samy El-Banna, Radwa Mostafa El Khouly & Souzan Ezzat Gado

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  1. Hanaa Samy El-Banna
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  2. Radwa Mostafa El Khouly
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  3. Souzan Ezzat Gado
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Correspondence to Radwa Mostafa El Khouly.

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El-Banna, H.S., El Khouly, R.M. & Gado, S.E. Elevated serum interleukin-34 level in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus and disease activity. Clin Rheumatol 39, 1627–1632 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-019-04899-2

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