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Response of riparian vegetation to water-table changes in the lower reaches of Tarim River, Xinjiang Uygur, China

Réaction de la végétation rivulaire aux modifications de la nappe dans les parties inférieures de la Tarim River, Xinjiang, Chine

Respuesta de la vegetación ribereña a cambios en el acuífero freático en los tramos inferiores del Río Tarim, Xinjiang Uygur, China

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Abstract

The lower reaches of Tarim River in the Xinjiang Uygur region of western China had been dried out for more than 30 years before water began to be diverted from Konqi (Peacock) River via a 927-km-long channel in year 2000, aimed at improving the riparian ecological systems. Since then, eight intermittent water deliveries have been carried out. To evaluate the response of riparian vegetation to these operations, the groundwater regime and vegetation changes have been monitored along the 350-km-long stem of the river using a network of 40 dug wells at nine transects across the river and 30 vegetation plots at key sites. Results show that the water table rose remarkably, i.e. from a depth of 9.87 m before the water delivery to 3.16 m after the third water delivery. The lateral distance of affected water table extended to 1,050 m from the riverbank after the fourth water delivery. The riparian vegetation has changed in composition, type, distribution, and growing behavior. This shows that the water deliveries have had significant effects on restoration of riparian ecosystems.

Résumé

Les parties inférieures de la Tarim River dans la région de Xinjiang Uygur de Chine occidentale ont été asséchées il y a plus de 30 ans avant que de l’eau n’ait commencé à être dérivée de la Konki (Peacock) River par un canal long de 927 km en l’an 2000, destinée à améliorer les systèmes écologiques rivulaires. Depuis lors, huit fournitures intermittentes d’eau ont été effectuées. Afin d’ évaluer la réaction de la végétation rivulaire à ces opérations, les modifications du régime de la nappe et de la végétation ont été suivies le long du cours de la rivière long de 350 km en utilisant un réseau de 40 puits au niveau de neuf sections transversales de la rivière et 30 parcelles de végétation à des emplacements clés. Les résultats montrent que la nappe s’est élevée de façon remarquable, i.e. d’une profondeur de 9.87 m avant la fourniture d’eau à 3.16 m après la troisième fourniture d’eau. La distance latérale à laquelle la nappe est affectée s’étendait à 1050 m de la rive de la rivière après le quatrième fourniture d’eau. La végétation rivulaire a changé de composition, de type, de répartition et de comportement de la croissance. Ceci montre que les fournitures d’eau ont eu des effets significatifs sur la restauration des écosystèmes rivulaires;

Resumen

Los tramos inferiores del Río Tarim en la región de Xinjiang Uygur (oeste de China) se han secado durante más de 30 años antes que el agua comenzó a ser desviada desde el Río Konqi (Peacock) por medio de un canal de 927 km en el año 2000, con el propósito de mejorar el sistema ecológico ribereño. Desde entonces, se han instrumentado ocho entregas intermitentes de agua. A fin de evaluar la respuesta de la vegetación ribereña a tales operaciones, el sistema de agua subterránea y los cambios en la vegetación han sido monitoreados a lo largo de 350 km del río usando una red de 40 pozos cavados en nueve transectas que atraviesan el río y 30 parcelas de vegetación en sitios clave. Los resultados muestran que el nivel del agua ascendió considerablemente, desde una profundidad de 9.87 m antes de las entregas de agua hasta 3.16 m después de la tercera entrega. El acuífero ha sido afectado hasta una distancia de 1050 m desde la orilla del río después de la cuarta entrega de agua. La vegetación ribereña ha cambiado su composición, tipo, distribución, y comportamiento de crecimiento. Esto demuestra que las entregas intermitentes de agua han tenido efectos significativos en la restauración de los sistemas ecológicos ribereños.

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Acknowledgements

This study was funded by the Chinese Academy of Sciences for a Knowledge Innovation Project (KZCX2-YW-127, KZCX2-XB2–03), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (90502004, 30500081, 40672171) and the National Support Plan of China (2006BAC01A03). We sincerely acknowledge the valuable comments made by the editor and the two anonymous reviewers from which we have learned a lot on the subject of study and which have helped to improve the quality of our manuscript significantly.

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Correspondence to Zhonghe Pang.

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Chen, Y., Pang, Z., Chen, Y. et al. Response of riparian vegetation to water-table changes in the lower reaches of Tarim River, Xinjiang Uygur, China. Hydrogeol J 16, 1371–1379 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-008-0306-1

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