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Species Diversity and Stability of Dominant Species Dominate the Stability of Community Biomass in an Alpine Meadow Under Variable Precipitation

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Abstract

The stability of aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) is critical for ecosystem functions and services, and have been studied across a wide range of ecosystems. An intriguing and challenging question emerging from these studies is how precipitation fluctuations, especially extreme precipitation, affect the temporal stability of ANPP in alpine meadow. We investigated the changes in plant community composition and aboveground biomass in an alpine meadow over six consecutive years under five precipitation treatments (increase of 50%, natural precipitation, decreases of 30%, 50% and 90%) in order to reveal the response of ANPP stability to the precipitation change, especially extreme precipitation, and the relevant driving mechanisms. The alpha diversity of plant species did not differ significantly among the treatments. ANPP was resistant to changes in precipitation between 354 and 1336 mm (precipitation interval of 50% decrease in precipitation in the driest year and 50% increase in precipitation in the wettest year during the experiment), suggesting that normal interannual fluctuations in precipitation and recent changes in regional precipitation might not significantly influence ANPP stability. However, extreme precipitation treatment (90% decrease), significantly reduced ANPP, species asynchrony and ANPP stability. A path model indicated that ANPP stability was directly affected by population stability, species asynchrony and grass stability. While the effect of species diversity on ANPP stability depends on the extents to which it positively affects species asynchrony and negatively affects population stability. In addition, the dominant species stability did not directly affect ANPP stability, while indirectly affected ANPP stability by changing the asynchrony of species.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Yang Youfang, Luo Xueping and Tang Guo for their help in fifield measurement. We thank the staff of Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in Southwest University for Nationalities. This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U20A2008), the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research (STEP) Programme (2019QZKK0302-02).

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Author notes

  1. CW designed and planned the research; FQ and XS carried out the experiment and analyzed the data; FQ, YH and GY wrote the first draft of the manuscript; XL and JP made critical comments on the discussion section of the article and finalized the manuscript. All authors contributed critically to the drafts and gave final approval for publication.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China

    Fusheng Qiao, Xiaoyan Song & Changting Wang

  2. Shapotou Desert Experiment and Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environmental and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China

    Yigang Hu

  3. Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, CAS, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China

    Xiangzhen Li

  4. The Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China

    Gaofei Yin

  5. CREAF, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain

    Josep Peñuelas

  6. CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain

    Josep Peñuelas

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Qiao, F., Song, X., Wang, C. et al. Species Diversity and Stability of Dominant Species Dominate the Stability of Community Biomass in an Alpine Meadow Under Variable Precipitation. Ecosystems 26, 1441–1455 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-023-00842-4

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