Abstract
The role of intraoperative pathological diagnosis for central nervous system (CNS) tumors is crucial for neurosurgery when determining the surgical procedure. Especially, treatment of carmustine (BCNU) wafers requires a conclusive diagnosis of high-grade glioma proven by intraoperative diagnosis. Recently, we demonstrated the usefulness of rapid immunohistochemistry (R-IHC) that facilitates antigen–antibody reaction under alternative current (AC) electric field in the intraoperative diagnosis of CNS tumors; however, a higher proportion of water and lipid in the brain parenchyma sometimes leads to freezing artifacts, resulting in poor quality of frozen sections. On the other hand, squash smear preparation of CNS tumors for cytology does not affect the frozen artifacts, and the importance of smear preparation is now being re-recognized as being better than that of the tissue sections. In this study, we established the rapid immunocytochemistry (R-ICC) protocol for squash smears of CNS tumors using AC electric field that takes only 22 min, and demonstrated its usefulness for semi-quantitative Ki-67/MIB-1 labeling index and CD 20 by R-ICC for intraoperative diagnosis. R-ICC by AC electric field may become a substantial tool for compensating R-IHC and will be applied for broad antibodies in the future.
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Acknowledgments
This work was supported in part by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Grant-in-Aid for scientific Research (KAKENHI Grant Number 15K08359) to M.T.
R-IHC Study Group
Shinya Tanaka, Mishie Tanino, Tomoko Takenami, Jun Moriya (Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine), Yoichi Akagami, Satoru Kamata, Eichi Suzuki, Ryuta Nakamura (Akita Industrial Technology Center), Yoshihiro Minamiya, Toshio Sasajima, Akiteru Goto, Hiroshi Nanjyo, Shunsuke Wakayama, Satoshi Ito, Hayato Konno, Yasushi Kawaharada, Shinnosuke Watanabe, Tomoaki Yoshioka, Kasumi Narita, Naoko Takahashi, Satoshi Kudou, Yuko Hiroshima (Akita University Graduate School of Medicine), Akira Kurose, Emiko Mizuki, Naoya Kumagai (Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine), Yu Sugai, Noriyuki Yamada, Chikako Tomizawa (Iwate Medical University), Mareyuki Endo, Miki Aoki, Akira Morohashi, Tomoko Konta (Sendai Kousei Hospital), Kiyotaka Onodera, Manabu Suzuki, Yoshiki Kogi, Satoshi Ota, Yukio Nakatani (Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine), Takeo Yano, Tokuyoshi Maruyama, Tomohide Ogura, Junya Takeyama, Kazuki Kanayama, Yoshiyuki Omura, Taizo Shiraishi (Mie University Graduate School of Medicine), Tomoo Ito, Yasuhiro Sakai, Emii Yanagida, Naoko Imagawa, Hiroshi Yamada, Tatsuko Tsukamoto (Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine), Shiro Takegami (Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine).
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The members of R-IHC Study Group are listed in the Acknowledgements.
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Moriya, J., Tanino, M.A., Takenami, T. et al. Rapid immunocytochemistry based on alternating current electric field using squash smear preparation of central nervous system tumors. Brain Tumor Pathol 33, 13–18 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10014-015-0238-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10014-015-0238-0