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Solid and acid electrolytes for Al-air batteries based on xanthan-HCl hydrogels

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Abstract

This paper presents first investigations on solid and strongly acid electrolytes for Al-air batteries. These electrolytes are prepared starting from a “green” polysaccharide (xanthan gum) and HCl solutions (between 4 and 24 wt%). The gelling capability of xanthan is used to obtain real solid products characterized by ionic conductivities of practical interest (10−2 S cm−1) in electrochemical cells. The adsorption properties of xanthan on metal Al are exploited to control anode self-corrosion and realize Al-air cells with very high anodic efficiencies (> 80%). The behavior of Al-air cells is studied utilizing the weight loss technique, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, potentiodynamic polarization curves, scanning electron microscopy coupled to energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and discharge tests at constant current (1–5 mA) with Pt/C-based air cathodes. The best overall performance is observed with electrolytes prepared starting from HCl at 24% and gel solid/liquid ratio of 1.40 g ml−1. The hydrogels obtained in this work permit for the first time the operation of an Al-air galvanic cell based on solid and strongly acid electrolytes with high anodic efficiency and limited dendrite formation.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge Dr. G. Perretta (Istituto Motori) for the support in SEM-EDS measurements.

Funding

The authors gratefully acknowledge the Italian Ministry of University and Research for financial support in “Fuel Cell Lab - Innovative systems and high efficiency technologies for poly-generation” Project, PON03PE_00109_1.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Istituto Motori, National Research Council of Italy, Via Marconi, 4, 80125, Naples, Italy

    F. Migliardini, T. M. Di Palma, M. F. Gaele & P. Corbo

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  1. F. Migliardini
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  2. T. M. Di Palma
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  3. M. F. Gaele
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  4. P. Corbo
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to P. Corbo.

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Migliardini, F., Di Palma, T.M., Gaele, M.F. et al. Solid and acid electrolytes for Al-air batteries based on xanthan-HCl hydrogels. J Solid State Electrochem 22, 2901–2916 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-018-4003-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-018-4003-2

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