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Degradation products of resin-based materials detected in saliva in vivo

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Abstract

Objectives

Dental composites remain under scrutiny regarding their (long-term) safety. In spite of numerous studies on the release of monomers both in vitro and in vivo, only limited quantitative data exist on the in vivo leaching of degradation products from monomers and additives. The aim of this observational study was for the first time to quantitatively and qualitatively monitor the release of parent compounds and their degradation products in saliva from patients undergoing multiple restorations.

Materials and methods

Five patients in need of multiple large composite restorations (minimally 5 up to 28 restorations) due to wear (attrition, abrasion, and erosion) were included in the study, and they received adhesive restorative treatment according to the standard procedures in the university clinic for Restorative Dentistry. Saliva was collected at different time points, starting before the restoration up until 24 h after the treatment with composite restorations. Saliva extracts were analyzed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry.

Results

Leaching of monomers and degradation products was highest within 30 min after the placement of the restorations. The highest median concentrations of monomers were recorded for UDMA, BisEMA-3, and TEGDMA; yet, besides BisEMA-3 and TEGDMA, no monomers could be detected after 24 h. Mono- and demethacrylated degradation products remained present up to 24 h and concentrations were generally higher than those of monomers. In patients with multiple restorations, degradation products were still present in the sample taken before the next operation, several weeks after the previous operation.

Conclusions

Exposure to residual monomers and degradation products occurs in the first hours after restoration. Monomers are present in saliva shortly after restoration, but degradation products can be detected weeks after the restoration confirming a long-term release.

Clinical significance

Future research should focus more on the release of degradation products from monomers and additives from resin-based materials given their prolonged presence in saliva after restoration.

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Funding

This study received the provision of funding through a Research Foundation Flanders (FWO) project (G089016N).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium

    Philippe Vervliet & Adrian Covaci

  2. KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT & University Hospitals Leuven (UZ Leuven), Dentistry, Louvain, Belgium

    Siemon De Nys & Kirsten L. Van Landuyt

  3. Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35, 3000, Louvain, Belgium

    Radu Corneliu Duca & Lode Godderis

  4. Environmental Hygiene and Human Biological Monitoring, Department of Health Protection, National Health Laboratory (LNS), 1, Rue Louis Rech, L-3555, Dudelange, Luxembourg

    Radu Corneliu Duca

  5. Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Ixelles, Belgium

    Imke Boonen & Marc Elskens

Authors
  1. Philippe Vervliet
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  2. Siemon De Nys
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  3. Radu Corneliu Duca
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  4. Imke Boonen
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  5. Lode Godderis
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  6. Marc Elskens
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  7. Kirsten L. Van Landuyt
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  8. Adrian Covaci
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Contributions

P. V. contributed to design, data acquisition, analysis, and interpretation and drafted and critically revised the manuscript. S. D. N. contributed to design and data acquisition and critically revised the manuscript. R. C. D., I. B., L. G., and M. E. critically revised the manuscript. K. V. L. and A. C. contributed to funding acquisition, conception, and design and critically revised the manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Philippe Vervliet or Adrian Covaci.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval

The study was approved by The Ethics Committee Research UZ/KU Leuven (number: S57171) and registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT02874599).

Informed consent

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no competing interests.

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Vervliet, P., De Nys, S., Duca, R.C. et al. Degradation products of resin-based materials detected in saliva in vivo. Clin Oral Invest 27, 7189–7198 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-023-05075-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-023-05075-2

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