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Quality of life in early age Spanish children treated for cleft lip and/or palate: a case-control study approach

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Abstract

Objective

The objectives of this study were to evaluate health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in 4–7-year-old children treated for cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) compared to healthy controls and to estimate a possible association with cleft type, gender, age, and surgical re-interventions.

Materials and methods

A total of 171 children with CL/P (mean age 5.7 years) and 186 healthy controls (mean age 5.5 years) were included in the study. Sixty-four (37.4%) children experienced both cleft lip and palate, 56 (32.8%) cleft lip only, and 51 (29.8%) cleft palate only. HRQoL in children was assessed by Kiddy-KINDL and COHIP-14 questionnaires and in parents by KINDL-p. Total score and dimensions of each questionnaire were compared between cleft children, their parents, and controls.

Results

The total scores and dimension scores of Kiddy-KINDL showed similar values between CL/P and control groups, except for “self-esteem” dimension (p = 0.036). The comparison of Kiddy-KINDL and KINDL-p showed a statistically significant total score (82.11 vs. 80.44, p = 0.047). The CL/P group presented significantly worse values with respect to controls in total score of COHIP-14 (10.53 vs 5.01, p < 0.001) and in all its dimensions.

Conclusions

Children treated for CL/P had a negative impact on HRQoL at early age compared to controls. Significant differences were found in the psychological and functional dimensions related to lip and palatal affectation, respectively. Parents reported significantly worse scores than their children. HRQoL measurement provided valuable complementary information to better inform to parents and make clinical decisions in children with CL/P at early age.

Clinical relevance

Our findings suggested that Spanish children between 4 and 7 years of age with a history of surgically treated CL/P experienced a poorer HRQoL when compared with their non-cleft peers.

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Funding

This study did not receive any specific grants from public, commercial, or non-profit funding agencies.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, University General Hospital, Valencia, Spain

    Manuel Leopoldo-Rodado

  2. Emergency Area, University General Hospital, Valencia, Spain

    Fatima Pantoja-Pertegal

  3. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Seville, Spain

    Rodolfo Belmonte-Caro, Alberto Garcia-Perla, Eduardo Gonzalez-Cardero & Pedro Infante-Cossio

  4. Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville, Spain

    Pedro Infante-Cossio

Authors
  1. Manuel Leopoldo-Rodado
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  2. Fatima Pantoja-Pertegal
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  4. Alberto Garcia-Perla
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  5. Eduardo Gonzalez-Cardero
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  6. Pedro Infante-Cossio
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Pedro Infante-Cossio.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Hospital (approval number: 2012-PI/86).

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Informed consent was obtained from all parents to the children included in the study.

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Leopoldo-Rodado, M., Pantoja-Pertegal, F., Belmonte-Caro, R. et al. Quality of life in early age Spanish children treated for cleft lip and/or palate: a case-control study approach. Clin Oral Invest 25, 477–485 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03394-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03394-2

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