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Influence of de-remineralization process on chemical, microstructural, and mechanical properties of human and bovine dentin

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Abstract

Objectives

This study compared the chemical composition, microstructural, and mechanical properties of human and bovine dentin subjected to a demineralization/remineralization process.

Materials and methods

Human and bovine incisors were sectioned to obtain 120 coronal dentin beams (6 × 1 × 1 mm3) that were randomly allocated into 4 subgroups (n = 15) according to the time of treatment (sound, pH-cycling for 3, 7, and 14 days). Three-point bending mechanical test, attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), thermogravimetric (TG), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were employed to characterize the dentin samples.

Results

Regarding chemical composition at the molecular level, bovine sound dentin showed significantly lower values in organic and inorganic content (collagen cross-linking, CO3/amide I, and CO3/PO4; p = 0.002, p = 0.026, and p = 0.002, respectively) compared to humans. Employing XRD analyses, a higher mineral crystallinity in human dentin than in bovines at 7 and 14 days (p = 0.003 and p = 0.009, respectively) was observed. At the end of the pH-cycling, CI (ATR-FTIR) and CO3/PO4 ratios (ATR-FTIR) increased, while CO3/amide I (ATR-FTIR), PO4/amide I (ATR-FTIR), and %mineral (TG) ratios decreased. The extension by compression values increased over exposure time with significant differences between dentin types (p < 0.001, in all cases), reaching higher values in bovine dentin. However, flexural strength (MPa) did not show differences between groups. We also observed the correlation between compositional variables (i.e., PO4/amide I, CI, and %mineral) and the extension by compression.

Conclusions

Human and bovine dentin are different in terms of microstructure, chemical composition, mechanical strength, and in their response to the demineralization/remineralization process by pH-cycling.

Clinical relevance

These dissimilarities may constitute a potential limitation when replacing human teeth with bovines in in vitro studies.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by Research Projects of the Spanish government [grant number CGL2015-64683-P]. We thank Dr. A.F.M.A. Chowdhruy for his helpful suggestions and remarks.

Funding

The work was supported by Research Projects of the Spanish Government [grant number CGL2015-64683-P].

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, Colegio Maximo s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain

    Tattiana Enrich-Essvein, Cristina Benavides-Reyes & Santiago González-López

  2. Department of Geology, Faculty of Geology, University of Oviedo, Jesús Arias de Velasco s/n, 33005, Oviedo, Spain

    Pedro Álvarez-Lloret

  3. Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, Colegio Maximo s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain

    María Victoria Bolaños-Carmona

  4. Department of Mineralogy and Petrology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida de Fuentenueva s/n, 18002, Granada, Spain

    Alejandro B. Rodríguez-Navarro

Authors
  1. Tattiana Enrich-Essvein
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  2. Cristina Benavides-Reyes
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  3. Pedro Álvarez-Lloret
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  5. Alejandro B. Rodríguez-Navarro
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  6. Santiago González-López
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. The conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, and original draft were performed by Tattiana Enrich-Essvein, Cristina Benavides-Reyes, María Victoria Bolaños-Carmona, and Santiago González-López. The supervision, validation, writing, review, and editing were made by Pedro Álvarez-Lloret and Alejandro B Rodríguez-Navarro. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tattiana Enrich-Essvein.

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The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Declarations

Approval was obtained from the ethics committee of University of Granada, Spain (#1006-2019). The procedures used in this study adhere to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.

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Enrich-Essvein, T., Benavides-Reyes, C., Álvarez-Lloret, P. et al. Influence of de-remineralization process on chemical, microstructural, and mechanical properties of human and bovine dentin. Clin Oral Invest 25, 841–849 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03371-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03371-9

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