Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Effects of cachaça, a typical Brazilian alcoholic beverage, on submandibular glands of rats: a histomorphometric and biochemical study

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Clinical Oral Investigations Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of chronic consumption of cachaça, a Brazilian beverage containing alcohol, on submandibular glands (SM) of rats by using histomorphometric and biochemical parameters.

Materials and methods

Twenty-four male rats (40 days of age) were assigned into the following four groups (n = 6): two control groups for 75 days (C75) and 105 days (C105), and two experimental groups of cachaça ingestion with ascending concentrations for consecutive 75 days (CA75) and 105 days (CA105). On the right SM glands, the striated, granular and acini ducts were processed for histomorphometric analysis. The left SM glands were weighed and stored at − 80 °C, to evaluate through biochemical tests carried out by spectrophotometric methods, the functional activity of total acid phosphatase (TAP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and to determine the mucin levels.

Results

The absolute and relative weights of the SM glands in both experimental groups were reduced in relation to the controls (p < 0.05). The histomorphometric analysis showed a significant reduction of the acini area (p < 0.05) and non-relevant reduction of striated ducts (p > 0.05). The granular ducts did not show a significant increase of the area (p > 0.05). The TAP and TRAP activities were significantly decreased in the experimental groups (p < 0.05), while the ALP functional activity decreased moderately (p > 0.05). Mucin levels also had a significant reduction when compared with the control groups (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Chronic consumption of cachaça can cause morphological changes associated with glandular atrophy, loss of biochemical functionality of phosphatases, and the reduction of mucin synthesis.

Clinical relevance

The consumption of cachaça can compromise the functions of the submandibular glands by altering their morphology and enzymatic activity.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Mehta AJ (2016) Alcoholism and critical illness: a review. World J Crit Care Med 5:27–35

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. World Health Organization (2014) Global status report on alcohol and health. Geneva: WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data 2014:http://wwwwhoint/substance_abuse/publications/global_alcohol_report/en/indexhtml/ Accessed 29 November 2018

  3. Riedel F, Goessler UR, Hormann K (2005) Alcohol-related diseases of the mouth and throat. Dig Dis 23:195–203

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Enberg N, Alho H, Loimaranta V, Lenander-Lumikari M (2001) Saliva flow rate, amylase activity, and protein and electrolyte concentrations in saliva after acute alcohol consumption. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 92:292–298

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Waszkiewicz N, Zalewska-Szajda B, Zalewska A, Waszkiewicz M, Szajda SD, Repka B, Szulc A, Kępka A, Minarowska A, Chojnowska S, Konarzewska B, Ładny JR, Kowzan U, Zwierz K (2012) Decrease in salivary lactoferrin output in chronically intoxicated alcohol-dependent patients. Folia Histochem Cytobiol 50:248–254

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Waszkiewicz N, Zalewska-Szajda B, Zalewska A, Waszkiewicz M, Szajda SD, Repka B, Szulc A, Kepka A, Minarowska A, Ladny JR, Zwierz K (2012) Salivary lysozyme in smoking alcohol dependent persons. Folia Histochem Cytobiol 50:609–612

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Waszkiewicz N, Zalewska A, Szajda SD, Waszkiewicz M, Szulc A, Kepka A, Konarzewska B, Minarowska A, Zalewska-Szajda B, Wilamowska D, Waszkiel D, Ladny JR, Zwierz K (2012) The effect of chronic alcohol intoxication and smoking on the output of salivary immunoglobulin a. Folia Histochem Cytobiol 50:605–608

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Waszkiewicz N, Zalewska A, Szulc A, Kepka A, Konarzewska B, Zalewska-Szajda B et al (2011) The influence of alcohol on the oral cavity, salivary glands and saliva. Pol Merkur Lekarski 30:69–74

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Waszkiewicz N, Chojnowska S, Zalewska A, Zwierz K, Szulc A, Szajda SD (2013) Salivary hexosaminidase in smoking alcoholics with bad periodontal and dental states. Drug Alcohol Depend 129:33–40

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Slomiany BL, Liau YH, Zalesna G, Slomiany A (1988) Effect of ethanol on the in vitro sulfation of salivary mucin. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 12:774–779

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Busch L, Sterin-Borda L, Borda E (2008) Beta-adrenoceptor alterations coupled with secretory response and experimental periodontitis in rat submandibular glands. Arch Oral Biol 53:509–516

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Song JY, Tigchelaar W, Schellens JP, Van Marle J, Van Noorden CJ, Frederiks WM (1996) Ultrastructural localization of activity of phosphatases by low temperature incubation of unfixed cryostat sections. Histochem Cell Biol 106:351–355

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Chaves Neto AH, Sassaki KT, Nakamune ACdMS (2011) Protein phosphatase activities in the serum and saliva of healthy children. RPG Rev Pós Grad 18:90–95

    Google Scholar 

  14. Isacsson GA (1986) Histochemical study of rat salivary gland acid phosphatase. Arch Oral Biol 31:95–99

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Bastos MF, Gaag GL, Romero JR, Gabrili JJ, Marques MR, Duarte PM (2014) Effects of Cachaça, a typical Brazilian alcoholic beverage, on alveolar bone loss and density: a study in peripubertal rats. Arch Oral Biol 59:82–91

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Ministério da Agricultura Pecuária e Abastecimento do Brasil (2009) Decreto n°. 6871/2009, de 5 de junho de 2009. Regulamenta a Lei 8918, de 14 de julho de 1994, que fornece diretrizes para a inspeção do registro da classificação de padronização e o monitoramento da produção de bebidas, vol. 1. Brasília: Diário oficial da União. p. 20. (in Portuguese)

  17. Instituto Brasileiro de Cachaça (2019) Serviços, estatísticas, mercado externo, http://www.ibrac.net/index.php/servicos/estatisticas/mercado-externo/ Acessed 10 november 2019 (in Portuguese)

  18. Silva ARS, Ribeiro ACP, Salzedas LM, Soubhia AMP, Sundefeld MLMM (2007) Análise da densidade óssea radiográfica de ratos submetidos ao alcoolismo crônico utilizando imagem digital. Revista Odonto Ciência 22:77–81

    Google Scholar 

  19. Fernandes LM, Teixeira FB, Alves-Junior SM, Pinheiro JJ, Maia CS, Lima RR (2015) Immunohistochemical changes and atrophy after chronic ethanol intoxication in rat salivary glands. Histol Histopathol 30:1069–1078

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Hartree EF (1972) Determination of protein: a modification of the Lowry method that gives a linear photometric response. Anal Biochem 48:422–427

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Janckila AJ, Parthasarathy RN, Parthasarathy LK, Seelan RS, Hsueh YC, Rissanen J, Alatalo SL, Halleen JM, Yam LT (2005) Properties and expression of human tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoform 5a by monocyte-derived cells. J Leukoc Biol 77:209–218

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Hall RL, Miller RJ, Peatfield AC, Richardson PS, Williams I, Lampert I (1980) A colorimetric assay for mucous glycoproteins using Alcian blue [proceedings]. Biochem Soc Trans 8:72

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Sarosiek J, Rourk RM, Piascik R, Namiot Z, Hetzel DP, McCallum RW (1994) The effect of esophageal mechanical and chemical stimuli on salivary mucin secretion in healthy individuals. Am J Med Sci 308:23–31

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Lieber CS (1991) Hepatic, metabolic and toxic effects of ethanol 1991 uptead. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 15:573–592

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Scott J, Burns J, Flower EA (1988) Histological analysis of parotid and submandibular glands in chronic alcohol abuse: a necropsy study. J Clin Pathol 41:837–840

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Dutta SK, Orestes M, Vengulekur S, Kwo P (1992) Ethanol and human saliva: effect of chronic alcoholism on flow rate, composition, and epidermal growth factor. Am J Gastroenterol 87:350–354

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Tirapelli L, Tirapelli C, Tirapelli D, Cassel F, Petroni S, Tamega O (2001) Morphometric analysis of seromucous acini and granular ducts of submandibular glands from rats (Rattus norvectus) submitted to experimental chronic alcoholism. Rev Chil Anat 3:263–269

    Google Scholar 

  28. Proctor GB, Carpenter GH (2014) Salivary secretion: mechanism and neural regulation. Monogr Oral Sci 24:14–29

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Amano O, Mizobe K, Bando Y, Sakiyama K (2012) Anatomy and histology of rodent and human major salivary glands: overview of the Japan salivary gland society-sponsored workshop. Acta Histochem Cytochem 45:241–250

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Faustino SE, Stipp AC (2003) Effects of chronic alcoholism and alcoholic detoxication on rat submandibular glands: morphometric study. J Appl Oral Sci 11:21–26

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Fagundes NC, Fernandes LM, Paraense RS, de Farias-Junior PM, Teixeira FB, Alves-Junior SM et al (2016) Binge drinking of ethanol during adolescence induces oxidative damage and morphological changes in salivary glands of female rats. Oxidative Med Cell Longev 2016:1–11

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Banderas JA, Gaitan LA, Portilla J, Aguirre A (1992) Effects of chronic ethanol consumption on the rat parotid gland. Arch Oral Biol 37:69–72

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Carranza M, Ferraris ME, Galizzi M (2005) Structural and morphometrical study in glandular parenchyma from alcoholic sialosis. J Oral Pathol Med 34:374–379

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Maciejewski R, Hermanowicz-Dryka T, Czerny K, Wójtowicz Z, Dryka T (1999) Changes of the ATPase, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase reaction intensity in the parotid and submandibular glands of rabbits in experimental diabetes. Folia Histochem Cytobiol 37:99–100

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Basseto A, Neves F, Toledo S, Silva T, Buzalaf M, Faria F et al (2001) Effect of cigarette smoke on sublingual gland and liver phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase and acid phosphatase activities. Rev FOB 9:49–54

    Google Scholar 

  36. Campos SC, Moreira DA, Nunes TD, Colepicolo P, Brigagão MR (2005) Oxidative stress in alcohol-induced rat parotid sialadenosis. Arch Oral Biol 50:661–668

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Purushotham KR, Wang P, Humphreys-Beher MG (1995) Effect of vanadate on amylase secretion and protein tyrosine phosphatase activity in the rat parotid gland. Mol Cell Biochem 152:87–94

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Slomiany BL, Slomiany A (2010) Ghrelin protection against cytotoxic effect of ethanol on rat salivary Mucin synthesis involves cytosolic phospholipase A2 activation through S-Nitrosylation. Int J Biomed Sci 6:37–44

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  39. Renato Romero J, Krause Neto W, Sabbag da Silva A, Luiz Dos Santos E, Aurélio Added M, Pianca E et al (2018) Chronic cachaça consumption affects the structure of tibial bone by decreasing bone density and density of mature collagen fibers in middle-aged Wistar rats. Aging Male:1–6

  40. Moreira RN, Marinho SA, Verli FD, Douglas-de-Oliveira DW, Mesquita AT, Lima NL (2018) Computer-assisted analysis of tongue thickness of golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) following topical chronic exposure to distilled alcoholic beverages. Anat Histol Embryol 47:428–434

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

The project was developed without funding.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology and Clinical Propaedeutics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua José Bonifácio, 1193, Vila Mendonça, Aracatuba, Sao Paulo, 16015-050, Brazil

    Ketelin Juliane Dal Prá, Aneliza de Fatima Moraes da Silva & Ana Maria Pires Soubhia

  2. Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Aracatuba, Sao Paulo, Brazil

    Antonio Hernandes Chaves-Neto

Authors
  1. Ketelin Juliane Dal Prá
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Aneliza de Fatima Moraes da Silva
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Antonio Hernandes Chaves-Neto
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Ana Maria Pires Soubhia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

All authors contributed to the conception and the design of the study. Ketelin Juliane Dal Prá, Aneliza de Fatima Moraes da Silva, Antonio Hernades Chaves Neto, and Ana Maria Pires Soubhia acquired the data. Ketelin Juliane Dal Prá, Aneliza de Fatima Moraes da Silva, and Antonio Hernades Chaves Neto analyzed and interpreted the data. Ketelin Juliane Dal Prá, Antonio Hernades Chaves Neto, and Ana Maria Pires Soubhia drafted the article, and all authors revised it for important intellectual content, and read and approved the final article.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ketelin Juliane Dal Prá.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

Author Ketelin Juliane Dal Prá declares that he has no conflict of interest. Author Aneliza de Fátima Moraes da Silva declares that he has no conflict of interest. Author Antonio Hernandes Chaves Neto declares that he has no conflict of interest. Author Ana Maria Pires Soubhia declares that he has no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

The research protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee on Animal Use of the Aracatuba Dental School—UNESP and all applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed.

Informed consent

For this type of study, formal consent is not required.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Dal Prá, K.J., de Fatima Moraes da Silva, A., Chaves-Neto, A.H. et al. Effects of cachaça, a typical Brazilian alcoholic beverage, on submandibular glands of rats: a histomorphometric and biochemical study. Clin Oral Invest 24, 4283–4290 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03290-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03290-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation