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The periodontopathic bacteria in placenta, saliva and subgingival plaque of threatened preterm labor and preterm low birth weight cases: a longitudinal study in Japanese pregnant women

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Abstract

Objectives

This study determined the quantity of periodontopathic bacteria in saliva, subgingival plaque, and placenta on the threatened preterm labor (TPL) and preterm low birth weight (PLBW) subjects in order to identify specific periodontal pathogens with high association to adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Methods

We used real-time PCR with TaqMan probe and ELISA to detect the amount of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Prevotella intermedia in subgingival plaque, saliva, and placenta tissue, in addition to serum IgG titers against these bacteria in 28 patients with TPL and 36 healthy pregnant women.

Results

Thirteen of 64 births delivered PLBW infants. All 6 periodontopathic bacteria were detected in the placenta samples. The amount of F. nucleatum and detection frequency of T. denticola in placental samples was significantly higher in the TPL group than in the healthy group. Meanwhile, the age, anti-P. gingival IgG in serum, amount of P. gingivalis and T. forsythia in plaque samples, detection frequency of P. intermedia in saliva, and percentage of pocket probing depth ≥ 5 mm were higher in TPL-PLBW births than those in TPL-Healthy delivery (HD) group and/or in H-HD group. Ordinal logistic regression analysis revealed that the presence of F. nucleatum in placental tissues was significantly associated with TPL, while the maternal age was significantly associated with PLBW in TPL.

Conclusion

Our findings suggested all 6 bacteria may access the placenta. The increased presence of F. nucleatum in placenta might be related to TPL, while advanced maternal age might be associated with PLBW in TPL.

Clinical relevance

Periodontal therapy should be applied to reduce the deep periodontal pocket sites and the colonization of periodontal pathogens in high-risk population.

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Acknowledgements

We appreciate the help of Dr. Yoshihito Momohara, Dr. Masaki Sekiguchi, and Dr. Satoko Takamine from Maternal and Women’s clinic, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Medical Hospital in recruiting patients.

Funding

This work was supported by a grant (81600875) from National Natural Science Foundation of China, a Grant-in-Aid (A) (16K11826) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan, and a grand from (2015-HM01-00088-SF) Chengdu Science and Technology Bureau.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Periodontology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China

    Changchang Ye

  2. Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan

    Sayaka Katagiri, Hiroaki Kobayashi, Thatawee Khemwong & Yuichi Izumi

  3. Department of Pediatrics, Perinatal and Maternal Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Medical Hospital, Tokyo, Japan

    Naoyuki Miyasaka

  4. Division of Periodontology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Sapporo, Japan

    Toshiyuki Nagasawa

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  1. Changchang Ye
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  2. Sayaka Katagiri
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Correspondence to Hiroaki Kobayashi.

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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Institution Ethics Committee of Tokyo Medical and Dental University (No 498) and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Ye, C., Katagiri, S., Miyasaka, N. et al. The periodontopathic bacteria in placenta, saliva and subgingival plaque of threatened preterm labor and preterm low birth weight cases: a longitudinal study in Japanese pregnant women. Clin Oral Invest 24, 4261–4270 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03287-4

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