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Investigation of the relationship between sleep disorders and xerostomia

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Abstract

Objectives

To investigate the relationship between sleep disorders, morning hyposalivation, and subjective feeling of dry mouth.

Materials and methods

A cross-sectional, observational, clinical study was carried out in a homogenous population sample which consists of Greek male soldiers without any medical history. After the application of oral modified Schirmer test, the sample was divided into a study group (n = 63) (MST < 25 mm/3 min) and a control group (n = 110) (MST ≥ 25 mm/3 min). In order to assess daytime sleepiness, risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), sleep quality, sleep bruxism (SB), and subjective feeling of dry mouth, all the participants filled in the following scales in Greek version: Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Berlin Questionnaire (BQ), a SB questionnaire, and Xerostomia Inventory (XI) respectively. In every subgroup that came of ESS, PSQI, BQ, and SB questionnaire scoring, subjective feeling of dry mouth was evaluated, based on XI values.

Results

Statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) through PSQI scores was found between the study and control group. In contrast, a statistically significant difference was not obtained for the scores of ESS (p = 0.293), BQ (p = 0.089), and SB questionnaire (p = 0.730). XI scores introduced statistically significant difference between the subgroups of PSQI (p < 0.001), BQ (p = 0.001), SB questionnaire (p = 0.004)  and statistically weak between the subgroups of ESS (p = 0.049).

Conclusions

This is the first research study so far suggesting that patients with morning hyposalivation exhibit poor sleep quality using an objective method. The present results have, also, shown that subjective feeling of dry mouth is related to excessive daytime sleepiness, poor sleep quality, high risk of obstructive sleep apnea, and sleep bruxism, but larger-scale studies are still needed.

Clinical Relevance

These findings should keep dentists aware of a possible association between xerostomia and sleep disorders and support larger-scale studies.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. 212 Military Hospital of Xanthi, GR 67100, Xanthi, Greece

    Ioulianos Apessos

  2. Department of Oral Medicine/Pathology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece

    Dimitrios Andreadis

  3. Department of Pneumonology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece

    Paschalis Steiropoulos

  4. Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

    Dimitrios Tortopidis

  5. School of Informatics, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

    Lefteris Angelis

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  1. Ioulianos Apessos
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  2. Dimitrios Andreadis
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Correspondence to Dimitrios Andreadis.

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All procedures in this research were performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the Sanitary Division of the Army General Staff by order Φ.040/72/955261/Σ.4721/29Νοε17/ΓΕΣ/ΔΥΓ of the Institutional Research standards of Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, and with 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Apessos, I., Andreadis, D., Steiropoulos, P. et al. Investigation of the relationship between sleep disorders and xerostomia. Clin Oral Invest 24, 1709–1716 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-019-03029-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-019-03029-1

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